Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives
Date
2011
Authors
Mills, Melinda
Ronald, Rindfuss
McDonald, Peter
te Velde, Egbert
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
Background: Never before have parents in most Western societies had their first children as late as in recent decades. What are the central reasons for postponement? What is known about the link between the delay of childbearing and social policy incentives to counter these trends? This review engages in a systematic analysis of existing evidence to extract the maximum amount of knowledge about the reasons for birth postponement and the effectiveness of social policy incentives. Methods: The review followed the PRISMA procedure, with literature searches conducted in relevant demographic, social science and medical science databases (SocINDEX, Econlit, PopLine, Medline) and located via other sources. The search focused on subjects related to childbearing behaviour, postponement and family policies. National, international and individual-level data sources were also used to present summary statistics. Results: There is clear empirical evidence of the postponement of the first child. Central reasons are the rise of effective contraception, increases in women's education and labour market participation, value changes, gender equity, partnership changes, housing conditions, economic uncertainty and the absence of supportive family policies. Evidence shows that some social policies can be effective in countering postponement. Conclusions: The postponement of first births has implications on the ability of women to conceive and parents to produce additional offspring. Massive postponement is attributed to the clash between the optimal biological period for women to have children with obtaining additional education and building a career. A growing body of literature shows that female employment and childrearing can be combined when the reduction in work-family conflict is facilitated by policy intervention.
Description
Keywords
Keywords: oral contraceptive agent; article; career; contraception; economic aspect; educational status; employment of women; fertility; gender and sex; groups by age; health care cost; health care quality; health education; housing; human; job satisfaction; matern Fertility; Infertility; Maternal age; Public policy
Citation
Collections
Source
Human Reproduction Update
Type
Journal article
Book Title
Entity type
Access Statement
License Rights
Restricted until
2037-12-31
Downloads
File
Description