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Item type: Item , Access status: Restricted , The justiciability of section 57 of the Australian Constitution(1986-11) Douglas, N. F. A.In a number of very important areas, the roles of the various organs of government in Australia, in so far as they affect each other, have been left undetermined by the federal Constitution.Item type: Item , Access status: Restricted , The law relating to the contractual capacity of infants(1967-08) Pearce, D. C. (Dennis Charles)In 1964, approximately forty per centum of the population of Australia was under twenty-one years of age; twelve per centum were aged between fifteen and twenty-one*Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Extreme Heat as the New Normal: A Methodological Roadmap Incorporating Behavior, Physiology, and Species Distributions(2026) Ellis-Soto, Diego; Noble, Daniel W.A.; Arnold, Pieter A.; Pottier, Patrice; Robey, Alison J.; Prokopenko, Christina; Cohen, JeremySynopsis: A defining feature of climate change is the increasing frequency, intensity, and severity of extreme weather events. Among them, extreme heat is recognized as a critical driver of ecological and evolutionary change. Intense heat episodes can exceed physiological limits, alter animal movement, restructure geographic ranges, and increase extinction risk more than gradual changes to mean temperatures. Yet links between extreme heat events and organismal biology remain limited, in part because definitions and metrics are not standardized, and user-friendly workflows and guides are lacking for many biologists. We present a methodological roadmap, with reproducible code, for integrating extreme heat into studies of behavior, physiology, biophysical ecology, species distribution models (SDMs), and population dynamics. First, we provide standardized computational approaches to define and quantify extreme heat. Second, we fit SDMs for California quail (Callipepla californica) that include an extreme heat metric and showcase improved predictions of habitat suitability, particularly at range edges. Third, we compute biophysical simulations to quantify exposure to thermal stress in sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) across distinct macro- and microclimates. Finally, accounting for temporal autocorrelation in temperature profiles in population simulation models, we show that clustered heat extremes—missed by averages—can increase the risk of population collapse. As extreme heat events become more common, incorporating their dynamics is essential for understanding ecological and evolutionary change, designing experiments across species’ geographic ranges, and supporting conservation in a rapidly warming world. Together, these case studies illustrate a reproducible, organism-informed roadmap to integrate extreme heat into predictions of ecological impacts and inference across levels of biological organization under ongoing climate change.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Planning to Care: The United States in Comparative Perspective, 2000 to 2022(2025-06-26) Sikora, Joanna; Jacobs, Jerry A.Care work, both paid and unpaid, has drawn attention from feminist scholars and activists regarding its devaluation and the growing shortage of workers, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authors examine plans to enter care work among more than 1 million high school students in the United States and 29 comparison Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, using data from five waves of the Program for International Student Assessment surveys spanning the period from 2000 to 2022. The authors develop theoretically motivated research questions that guide an examination of trends and determinants of adolescent expectations to enter care work. This is the first large-scale longitudinal and comparative study to track youth intentions to pursue care work. A persistent gender gap is evident in both the United States and comparison countries, with young women far outpacing their male counterparts in plans to pursue care work. The authors also find two key mismatches. First, more students plan to pursue care-related professions than there are labor market opportunities in these fields. Second, care professions requiring college credentials are oversubscribed, while noncollege care roles attract little interest. Within care-work fields, interest in medically related care work in the United States increased over the period from 2000 to 2018, while interest in the pursuit of careers in teaching declined.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Rethinking the “Asian advantage”: socioeconomic rather than ethnic school composition affects HSC mathematics outcomes in New South Wales(2026) Sikora, JoannaDebates about the so-called “Asian educational advantage” require clarity on how the ethnic and socioeconomic makeup of schools affects student achievement. Using administrative data from the 2017 Higher School Certificate (HSC) cohort in New South Wales, two-level regression models differentiate between the effects of students’ personal backgrounds and those of the schools they attend. Indicators of ethnicity include the languages spoken at home by students and their parents, as well as students’ country of birth. The analysis demonstrates that students in schools with higher proportions of East-Asia-born peers tend to perform better in advanced HSC mathematics courses. However, this apparent ethnic advantage vanishes in schools with student populations of similar socioeconomic profiles. The findings illustrate that schools’ more advantaged socioeconomic compositions explain the higher performance often attributed to ethnically “Asian” schools. Potential implications of confounding school ethnic and socioeconomic profiles are discussed.