ANU Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/26

The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 135183

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A peer-to-peer trading model to enhance resilience: A blockchain-based smart grids with machine learning analysis towards sustainable development goals
(2024-04-15) Sadeghi, Russell; Sadeghi , Saeid; Memari, Ashkan; Rezaeinejad, Saba; Hajian, Ava
Blockchain technology, with its peer-to-peer trading feature, influences the management of energy consumption by offering the potential to transform transparency, efficiency, and sustainability within the energy sector. Nonetheless, there is a need to develop analytical decision-making models tailored for managing peer-to-peer energy transactions to improve energy resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address the research question: How can energy distribution systems be protected via blockchain technology to enhance energy resilience and mitigate vulnerabilities to disruptions? This paper employs a conceptual research model design and a mathematical decision-making model to address the research question by capturing the peer-to-peer trading capability of blockchain technology. The theory of planned behavior provides theoretical explanations for the proposed model. The sample includes longitudinal energy consumption data from 2015 to 2023 in Texas. The findings indicate a significant improvement in energy efficiency along with a considerable decrease in total electricity consumption. Post hoc analysis results reveal that the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average algorithm is effective as a reliable input for the proposed mathematical model. The significant implications are to implement blockchain-based smart grids in which energy systems become more resilient to disruptions, as the peer-to-peer capability enables users to trade energy. The proposed model suggests that energy will be used more efficiently and effectively. This paper contributes to prior works by introducing a mathematical model that captures the trading behavior of energy consumers. Moreover, this paper proposes the SARIMA algorithm to predict energy demand.
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When and How is Audit Partner Identity Informative? Evidence from Analyst Forecast Revisions and Audit Partner Quality
(2025-07-25) Zhao, Menghe; Wilson, Mark
This paper investigates when and how audit partner identity is informative to market participants by examining the association between analyst forecast revisions in response to earnings surprises and audit partner quality (APQ) and factors that influence this association. Using a sample of Australian listed clients and measuring APQ through their personal fixed effects on client abnormal accruals, we find that a positive association between APQ and analyst responses to earnings surprises emerges when partners have established a track record of auditing listed clients for at least three years and that experienced analysts incorporate APQ into their forecasts on a more timely basis. Results also suggest that clients of high-quality audit partners make non-GAAP earnings adjustments that are less predictive of future cash flow, indicating a potential channel through which APQ influences analyst forecast revisions. Overall, our findings provide insights into the effectiveness of the requirement of disclosing audit partner identity.
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Pedagogy and Public Outreach: The Value of Historical Archaeology in a Rural Tasmanian Community
(Springer Nature, 2025) Flexner, James; Frieman, Catherine J.; Lenton, D.A.; Samper Carro, Sofia
This paper explores the ways in which meaningful connections to archaeology can be achieved. They use the specific example of excavations in Triabunna, Tasmania, to illustrate how different stakeholders can be integrated into the process, including landowners, students, local community members, conservators, curators, metal detectorists, and tourists.
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Empowering union and intersection types with integrated subtyping
(2018) Muehlboeck, Fabian; Tate, Ross
Union and intersection types are both simple and powerful but have seen limited adoption. The problem is that, so far, subtyping algorithms for type systems extended with union and intersections have typically been either unreliable or insufficiently expressive. We present a simple and composable framework for empowering union and intersection types so that they interact with the rest of the type system in an intuitive and yet still decidable manner. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by illustrating the impact it has made throughout the design of the Ceylon programming language developed by Red Hat.
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Post-Election Protests
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Chernykh, Svitlana
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Getting F-bounded polymorphism into shape
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2014) Greenman, Ben; Muehlboeck, Fabian; Tate, Ross
We present a way to restrict recursive inheritance without sacrificing the benefits of F-bounded polymorphism. In particular, we distinguish two new concepts, materials and shapes, and demonstrate through a survey of 13.5 million lines of open-source generic- Java code that these two concepts never actually overlap in practice. With this Material-Shape Separation, we prove that even näive type-checking algorithms are sound and complete, some of which address problems that were unsolvable even under the existing proposals for restricting inheritance. We illustrate how the simplicity of our design reflects the design intuitions employed by programmers and potentially enables new features coming into demand for upcoming programming languages.
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Papal Provisions and the Patronage of English Religious Houses, 1305-52
(Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2025-02-11) McDonald, Peter
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Realisation of intervocalic /t/ in Australian English: A snapshot
(Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc., 2024) Powell-Davies, Thomas; Billington, Rosey
In word-medial intervocalic contexts, a common realisation of contemporary Australian English /t/ is a tap, [], but research on past and present realisations of medial /t/ is limited. This study presents a preliminary exploration of the realisation of medial /t/ by 72 speakers in the Mitchell and Delbridge corpus, collected from 1959–1960. Results show a range of variants in use, including taps, fricated and affricate realisations. There are some differences in the distribution of variants according to sex, and in overall release phase durations. The study highlights the need for further phonetic research on variation and change in Australian English consonants.
Access status: Open Access ,
Vowel predictability and omission in Anindilyakwa
(Language Science Press, 2024) Mansfield, John; Billington, Rosey; Stoakes, Hywel
The Australian language Anindilyakwa has some vowels that are to a large extent contextually predictable, and arguably epenthetic. In previous work on the language there are differing views on the segmental contrasts, phonotactic patterns and lexical representations of these vowels. Drawing on information-theoretic approaches, we investigate the predictability of vowel occurrence across different consonant environments in Anindilyakwa words, using orthographic representations from an existing wordlist, and speech production data collected with seven Anindilyakwa speakers. We find that there is a high level of predictability in the word-internal occurrence of non-low vowels compared to low vowels. At the same time, the word-final low vowel -a is completely predictable. In our speech production data we find that the predictable vowels (both word-internal non-low vowels, and the final -a) are quite frequently omitted even in a relatively careful speech register, while the unpredictable vowels are never omitted. Our findings support previous research that draws a connection between segmental predictability and phonetic reduction or deletion, and we show that this association extends to segments that can be analysed as epenthetic.
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Labour regulation shift and differential trends between labour-intensive and non-labour-intensive manufacturing in Indonesia
(2025) Merdikawati, Nurina; Dong, Sarah Xue
This paper analyses the relationship between a significant shift to much more stringent labour market regulations in Indonesia in the early 2000s and changes in the manufacturing sector. While this regulation shift has been associated with the stagnation of the manufacturing sector in Indonesia in the last two decades, there is little rigorous evidence to support the association. We compare plants in labour-intensive and non-labour-intensive manufacturing industries over time, and use the difference-in-difference method to analyse different employment trends between these two groups around the time of the labour regulation change. We find that employment in plants in labour-intensive manufacturing declined by 4 to 14% relative to plants in non-labour-intensive manufacturing around the time of the labour regulation change. This pattern is robust to using different measures of labour intensity, and to controlling for other policies that can affect different industries differently during the same period, including trade liberalisation, China’s ascension to WTO and changes in the Multi Fibre Agreement. Our findings suggest that more stringent labour regulations likely contributed to the stagnation of labour-intensive manufacturing since the early 2000s in Indonesia.
Access status: Open Access ,
Malaysia: New Initiatives Navigating an Uncertain Terrain
(D-IDEA, 2025-08-05) Tapsell, Ross; Zainul, Harris
Book Abstract: This report examines the evolution, challenges, and prospects of fact-checking initiatives across the region. The study documents diverse approaches, funding models, and collaborations, while also noting persistent obstacles such as political pressures, safety risks for fact-checkers, and recent global shifts.
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Sonority patterns in Lelepa onset clusters
(Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc., 2024) Sun, Chao; Billington, Rosey
Lelepa, an Oceanic language of central Vanuatu, has complex syllable structures with onsets of up to three consonants and codas of up to two, which is rare among Oceanic languages. This study examines two-consonant onset clusters using natural speech data, showing a preference for certain clusters and frequent violations of the sonority sequencing principle. Clusters with smaller sonority distances are preferred, which is uncommon crosslinguistically. These findings enhance our understanding of Lelepa’s phonotactics and contribute to the broader typology of phonotactic constraints.
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Differential Monitoring
(Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2021) Muehlboeck, Fabian; Henzinger, Thomas A.
We argue that the time is ripe to investigate differential monitoring, in which the specification of a program’s behavior is implicitly given by a second program implementing the same informal specification. Similar ideas have been proposed before, and are currently implemented in restricted form for testing and specialized run-time analyses, aspects of which we combine. We discuss the challenges of implementing differential monitoring as a general-purpose, black-box run-time monitoring framework, and present promising results of a preliminary implementation, showing low monitoring overheads for diverse programs.
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Efficient Runtimes for Gradual Typing
(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019) Muehlboeck, Fabian
This dissertation concerns the design and implementation of programming languages featuring gradual typing - which is the idea that some parts of a program may be type-checked dynamically while others are type-checked statically. This lets programmers trade off between the costs and benefits of using static type-checking for each individual part of their program as needed, and even eventually change their decisions about those trade-offs. Designing gradually typed languages has its own trade-offs: existing gradually typed languages had to essentially decide between being efficient versus behaving in expected and safe ways. Since many of those languages were just gradually typed variants of existing languages, those trade-offs were largely forced by the original language design. Here, we look at the design questions around gradual typing in an unconstrained scenario - what if we design a new language featuring gradual typing from the ground up? In particular, we explore these questions for nominal object-oriented programming languages. Designing a new language from the ground up lets us co-design the features of the language and its implementation. Accordingly, in this dissertation, we tackle a variety of design questions of particular importance to gradual typing, such as decidable subtyping, as well as questions of implementation, most importantly efficient casting techniques, which we evaluate using benchmarks from the literature on efficiency in gradual typing. The results presented here show that when gradual typing is co-designed with the rest of the type system and with an eye towards efficiency, it is possible to obtain both the desired formal properties proposed so far for gradual type systems and very low overheads due to gradual typing. This points the way towards a new generation of programming languages that can be used to seamlessly transition between personal scripting or rapid prototyping and large-scale software engineering.
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Vamos: Middleware for Best-Effort Third-Party Monitoring
(Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2023) Chalupa, Marek; Muehlboeck, Fabian; Lei, Stefanie Muroya; Henzinger, Thomas A.
As the complexity and criticality of software increase every year, so does the importance of run-time monitoring. Third-party monitoring, with limited knowledge of the monitored software, and best-effort monitoring, which keeps pace with the monitored software, are especially valuable, yet underexplored areas of run-time monitoring. Most existing monitoring frameworks do not support their combination because they either require access to the monitored code for instrumentation purposes or the processing of all observed events, or both. We present a middleware framework, Vamos, for the run-time monitoring of software which is explicitly designed to support third-party and best-effort scenarios. The design goals of Vamos are (i) efficiency (keeping pace at low overhead), (ii) flexibility (the ability to monitor black-box code through a variety of different event channels, and the connectability to monitors written in different specification languages), and (iii) ease-of-use. To achieve its goals, Vamos combines aspects of event broker and event recognition systems with aspects of stream processing systems. We implemented a prototype toolchain for Vamos and conducted experiments including a case study of monitoring for data races. The results indicate that Vamos enables writing useful yet efficient monitors, is compatible with a variety of event sources and monitor specifications, and simplifies key aspects of setting up a monitoring system from scratch.
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Transitioning from structural to nominal code with efficient gradual typing
(2021) Muehlboeck, Fabian; Tate, Ross
Gradual typing is a principled means for mixing typed and untyped code. But typed and untyped code often exhibit different programming patterns. There is already substantial research investigating gradually giving types to code exhibiting typical untyped patterns, and some research investigating gradually removing types from code exhibiting typical typed patterns. This paper investigates how to extend these established gradual-typing concepts to give formal guarantees not only about how to change types as code evolves but also about how to change such programming patterns as well. In particular, we explore mixing untyped "structural"code with typed "nominal"code in an object-oriented language. But whereas previous work only allowed "nominal"objects to be treated as "structural"objects, we also allow "structural"objects to dynamically acquire certain nominal types, namely interfaces. We present a calculus that supports such "cross-paradigm"code migration and interoperation in a manner satisfying both the static and dynamic gradual guarantees, and demonstrate that the calculus can be implemented efficiently.
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Sciences et technologies
(Presses electroniques de la Maison de la Melanesie - Paul de Deckker, 2021) Biedermann, Thomas
Book Abstract: Le projet de consacrer à l’Australie un ouvrage de la collection « L’essentiel pour comprendre… », ces petites encyclopédies de vulgarisation, tout en visant à l’excellence scientifique, était ambitieux. En effet le sujet est monumental, rassemblant tous les champs du savoir sur une immense étendue : une histoire très reculée, une géographie démesurée, une sociologie très diversifiée, des politiques plurielles, une organisation originale, tout cela sur fond de débats toujours actuels… sans oublier un point de vue spécifique, celui de l’archipel français voisin de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Il faut savoir à quel point l’Australie compte pour tous les Calédoniens. Devant la diversité des approches de son sujet général, ce livre se divise en plus de cent contributions, réparties en dix chapitres : Peuples premiers, Explorateurs, Histoire, Fédération australienne, Géographie et environnement, Économie et développement, Cultures, Institutions et Politiques, Relations extérieures, Nouvelle-Calédonie. Pour faire rayonner ces éclairages si divers, nous avons fait appel à un ensemble de spécialistes : 69 auteurs. Ils sont répartis à peu près par moitié entre Australiens et Français et parmi ces derniers, à peu près par moitié entre ceux de France métropolitaine et ceux de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les deux directeurs de ce livre illustrent eux-mêmes cette nécessaire diversité. Peter Brown, Australien, est professeur de lettres à l’Australian National University de Canberra, chercheur invité à la Central European University (Budapest) et actuellement en poste à l’Université de Polynésie française ; Jean-Yves Faberon, Français installé en Nouvelle-Calédonie, professeur honoraire de droit public et de sciences politiques est fondateur de l’Institut de droit d’outre-mer et de la Revue juridique, politique et économique de Nouvelle-Calédonie et il est président de la Maison de la Mélanésie.
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Sound gradual typing is nominally alive and well
(2017) Muehlboeck, Fabian; Tate, Ross
Recent research has identified significant performance hurdles that sound gradual typing needs to overcome. These performance hurdles stem from the fact that the run-time checks gradual type systems insert into code can cause significant overhead. We propose that designing a type system for a gradually typed language hand in hand with its implementation from scratch is a possible way around these and several other hurdles on the way to efficient sound gradual typing. Such a design process also highlights the type-system restrictions required for efficient composition with gradual typing. We formalize the core of a nominal object-oriented language that fulfills a variety of desirable properties for gradually typed languages, and present evidence that an implementation of this language suffers minimal overhead even in adversarial benchmarks identified in earlier work.
Access status: Open Access ,
The Legal Profession and Climate Change
(La Trobe eBureau, 2025) Holmes, Vivien; Webb, Julian
Access status: Open Access ,
TOPCon-based bottom cells for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
(2026-04-15) Basnet, Rabin; Yang, Zhongshu; Ahmad, Viqar; Chang, Nathan L.; Fong, Kean; Yang, di; Wang, Jungan; Xu, Menglei; Yang, Jie; Zhang, Xinyu; Jin, Hao; Bullock, James; Weber, Klaus; Shen, Heping; MacDonald, Daniel
The drive toward higher solar cell efficiencies and a lower levelized cost of electricity is accelerating the research and development of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) bottom cells have traditionally dominated perovskite/silicon tandem research due to their high open-circuit voltages (V oc) ('740 mV) and integration flexibility. However, recent advances in conventional tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells, including improvements in front-side passivation, doped poly-Si contact optimization, and laser-assisted firing technologies, have significantly narrowed the V oc gap, a trend that is increasingly reflected in the growing number of TOPCon-based tandem studies. In this work, we review the current status of TOPCon-based bottom cells for perovskite/silicon tandem integration, benchmarking them against SHJ-based tandems in terms of efficiency potential, manufacturability, cost, and scalability. Although certified efficiencies of TOPCon-based tandems still lag their SHJ counterparts, preliminary simulations predict that TOPCon-based tandems can achieve comparable power conversion efficiencies with SHJ-based tandems. A techno-economic analysis indicates that TOPCon’s lower fabrication costs may offer critical advantages for mass and sustainable tandem production. Furthermore, we explore recent advances in process adaptations, including textured surface optimization, atomic hydrogenation, the development of transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-free interconnect layers, and bi-poly TOPCon structures, which collectively enhance the industrial feasibility of TOPCon-based tandem architectures. Finally, we identify key challenges, such as parasitic absorption, surface passivation losses on textured surfaces, sputter-induced damage, and dehydrogenation of TOPCon bottom cells.

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