Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods to determine optimal models, model resolution and model choice for Earth Science problems
Date
2009
Authors
Gallagher, K.
Charvin, Karl
Nielsen, Soren
Sambridge, Malcolm
Stephenson, John
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
We present an overview of Markov chain Monte Carlo, a sampling method for model inference and uncertainty quantification. We focus on the Bayesian approach to MCMC, which allows us to estimate the posterior distribution of model parameters, without needing to know the normalising constant in Bayes' theorem. Given an estimate of the posterior, we can then determine representative models (such as the expected model, and the maximum posterior probability model), the probability distributions for individual parameters, and the uncertainty about the predictions from these models. We also consider variable dimensional problems in which the number of model parameters is unknown and needs to be inferred. Such problems can be addressed with reversible jump (RJ) MCMC. This leads us to model choice, where we may want to discriminate between models or theories of differing complexity. For problems where the models are hierarchical (e.g. similar structure but with a different number of parameters), the Bayesian approach naturally selects the simpler models. More complex problems require an estimate of the normalising constant in Bayes' theorem (also known as the evidence) and this is difficult to do reliably for high dimensional problems. We illustrate the applications of RJMCMC with 3 examples from our earlier working involving modelling distributions of geochronological age data, inference of sea-level and sediment supply histories from 2D stratigraphic cross-sections, and identification of spatially discontinuous thermal histories from a suite of apatite fission track samples distributed in 3D.
Description
Keywords
Keywords: Age datum; Apatite fission tracks; Bayes' theorems; Bayesian approaches; Complex problems; Dimensional problems; High-dimensional problems; Inversion; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Maximum posterior probabilities; Model choices; Model inferences; Model parame Inversion; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Optimisation
Citation
Collections
Source
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Type
Journal article
Book Title
Entity type
Access Statement
License Rights
Restricted until
2037-12-31
Downloads
File
Description