Electrolytic echo enhancement: A novel method to make needles more reflective to ultrasound

Abstract

Introduction This study examines the effect of augmenting the ultrasound reflectivity of needles using a novel electrolytic echo enhancement method. Methods Needles were connected by a lead to the negative terminal of a 4.5 V direct current source. A grounding pad, connected to the positive terminal, was positioned on the undersurface of an ex vivo ox liver phantom. During needle insertion into the liver, electrolysis was induced creating a layer of gas on the needle electrode. Results Analysis of images showed a significant increase in needle brightness using electrolytic echo enhancement. Brightness was found to increase by a factor of ×3.6 compared with controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion Electrolytic echo enhancement has the potential to make ultrasound-guided procedures safer and quicker for patients and increase the confidence of operators in their ability to see the whole needle including its tip.