A Scientific Study of a new cupule site in Jabiluka, Western Arnhem Land

Abstract

Cupules (engraved pits) have been observed on every continent with the exception of Antarctica, and cover Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic contexts. Despite this remarkable spatial distribution and the perceived antiquity of these petroglyphs very few detailed scientiic studies have been conducted at cupule sites, with fundamental aspects of morphology, manufacture and function poorly understood. In Australia, lack of detailed recording has led to diferential classiication and disputed identiication. In this paper we review literature for Australian cupule sites and present detailed archaeological results from a new site in western Arnhem Land. By applying metric, use-wear and residue analysis we reassess these issues, providing insight into cupule classiication, function and intra-site complexities.