Colon and rectal cancer incidence and water trihalomethane concentrations in New South Wales, Australia

dc.contributor.authorRahman, Md
dc.contributor.authorCowie, Christine
dc.contributor.authorDriscoll, Tim
dc.contributor.authorSummerhayes, Richard J
dc.contributor.authorArmstrong, Bruce K
dc.contributor.authorClements, Mark S
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-16T03:59:50Z
dc.date.available2015-12-16T03:59:50Z
dc.date.issued2014-06-17
dc.date.updated2016-02-24T10:05:07Z
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND There is evidence, although inconsistent, that long term exposure to disinfection by products (DBPs) increases the risk of bowel cancer. No study has been conducted in Australia to examine this association and due to difference in the methods of disinfection the risk can vary across geographical regions and. This study was conducted to analyse the association of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water with colon and rectal cancer in NSW Australia. METHODS Average yearly concentrations of total and individual species of THMs were obtained for 50 local government areas (LGAs). Indirectly-standardized incidence rates of colon and rectal cancers in LGAs for the period 1995 to 2001 were regressed against mean THM concentrations lagged five years, adjusting for socioeconomic status, high risk drinking, smoking status, usual source of water and year of diagnosis, including local and global random effects within a Bayesian framework. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in THMs were estimated. RESULTS Using five year lag of exposure there was a positive association between bromoform concentration and CRC in men (IRR = 1.025, 95% CI 1.010, 1.040) but not in women (IRR = 1.003, 95% CI 0.987, 1.018). The association in men was mainly found in colon cancer with bromoform (IRR = 1.035, 95% CI 1.017, 1.053). There was no appreciable association of colorectal cancer with other species of THMs. Sensitivity analyses did not materially change the associations observed. CONCLUSION A positive association was observed between colon cancer and water bromoform concentrations in men. Given the potential population impact of such an association, further research into the relationship between THMs, particularly brominated species, and colorectal cancer is warranted.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was conducted as part of a PhD thesis. The PhD was funded by the Endeavor International Postgraduate Research Scholarship program of the Australian Government and the University of Sydney’s international postgraduate award program and Sydney School of Public Health. The expenditure for data collection was borne by the Sydney School of Public Health, the University of Sydney. The case data were provided by the NSW central cancer registry. The exposure data were provided by the Sydney Water Corporation and the Hunter Water Corporation in NSW, Australia.en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1471-2407en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/95059
dc.publisherBioMed Central
dc.rights© 2014 Rahman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
dc.sourceBMC Cancer
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/14/445en_AU
dc.subjectadult
dc.subjectaustralia
dc.subjectcolorectal neoplasms
dc.subjectenvironmental exposure
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjecthumans
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectsex factors
dc.subjecttrihalomethanes
dc.subjectwater
dc.subjectwater pollutants, chemical
dc.titleColon and rectal cancer incidence and water trihalomethane concentrations in New South Wales, Australia
dc.typeJournal article
local.bibliographicCitation.issue1en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.startpage445en_AU
local.contributor.affiliationRahman, Bayzidur, University of New South Wales, Australiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationCowie, Christine T, Woolcock Institute of Medicine, Australiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationDriscoll, Tim, University of Sydney, Australiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationSummerhayes, Richard J, Southern Cross University, Australiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationArmstrong, Bruce K, University of Sydney, Australiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationClements, Mark, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, CMBE Research School of Population Health, Natl Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, The Australian National Universityen_AU
local.contributor.authoremailbayzid@unsw.edu.auen_AU
local.contributor.authoremailmark.clements@csiro.auen_AU
local.contributor.authoruidClements, Mark, u3144615en_AU
local.description.notesImported from ARIESen_AU
local.identifier.absfor111200en_AU
local.identifier.ariespublicationU3488905xPUB3833en_AU
local.identifier.citationvolume14en_AU
local.identifier.doi10.1186/1471-2407-14-445en_AU
local.identifier.essn1471-2407en_AU
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-84902301933
local.identifier.thomsonID000338963700001
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByu3488905en_AU
local.publisher.urlhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/en_AU
local.type.statusPublished Versionen_AU

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