Social cohesion, diversity and inequalities in Australian communities

Abstract

Social cohesion, in reflecting the peace, harmony and connectedness of society, is an issue of growing significance around the world. While recent global events have been marked by a degree of conflict, division and polarisation, social cohesion in Australia has been reasonably resilient, and remarkably so during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the fears of some academics and policy makers, the cohesiveness of Australian society has coincided with world-leading levels of immigration and ethnic diversity. Nevertheless, social and economic inequalities are a substantial weight on social cohesion, not least for the way in which they impact migrant communities. In the following analyses, I draw on a combination of data sources to explore the relationships between diversity, inequality and social cohesion in Australia. Findings suggest that diversity and particularly public support for multiculturalism has been a great source of strength for Australian society. However, financial stress, economic inequality and the inequitable personal, social, economic and health outcomes of COVID-19 in migrant communities pose a substantial threat to social cohesion. Addressing the sources of inequality and alleviating their effects ought to be an urgent priority for governments and the community in protecting the harmony and collective well‑being of Australian society.