How can the people's sovereignty be achieved in the oil palm sector? Is the plantation model shifting in favour of smallholders?

Abstract

On the surface, oil palm appears to be dominated by large plantations. How-ever, [...] the facts that smallholders now account for over 40% of the oil palm area in Indonesia, the largest producer, and 80% in Thailand the third largest producer indicate that the structure of the industry is already shifting (Byer-lee 2014: 584) Show more