SPATULA and ALCATRAZ, are partially redundant, functionally diverging bHLH genes required for Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit development

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dc.contributor.authorGroszmann, Michael
dc.contributor.authorPaicu, Teodora
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, John P.
dc.contributor.authorSwain, Steve M.
dc.contributor.authorSmyth, David R.
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-23T22:48:44Z
dc.date.issued2011-08-01
dc.description.abstractThe Arabidopsis gynoecium is a complex organ that facilitates fertilization, later developing into a dehiscent silique that protects seeds until their dispersal. Identifying genes important for development is often hampered by functional redundancy. We report unequal redundancy between two closely related genes, SPATULA (SPT) and ALCATRAZ (ALC), revealing previously unknown developmental roles for each. SPT is known to support septum, style and stigma development in the flower, whereas ALC is involved in dehiscence zone development in the fruit. ALC diverged from a SPT-like ancestor following gene duplication coinciding with the At-β polyploidy event. Here we show that ALC is also involved in early gynoecium development, and SPT in later valve margin generation in the silique. Evidence includes the increased severity of early gynoecium disruption, and of later valve margin defects, in spt-alc double mutants. In addition, a repressive version of SPT (35S:SPT-SRDX) disrupts both structures. Consistent with redundancy, ALC and SPT expression patterns overlap in these tissues, and the ALC promoter carries two atypical E-box elements identical to one in SPT required for valve margin expression. Further, SPT can heterodimerize with ALC, and 35S:SPT can fully complement dehiscence defects in alc mutants, although 35S:ALC can only partly complement spt gynoecium disruptions, perhaps associated with its sequence simplification. Interactions with FRUITFULL and SHATTERPROOF genes differ somewhat between SPT and ALC, reflecting their different specializations. These two genes are apparently undergoing subfunctionalization, with SPT essential for earlier carpel margin tissues, and ALC specializing in later dehiscence zone development.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported in part by the Australian Research Council, grant A19927094.en_AU
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_AU
dc.identifier.issn0960-7412en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/224425
dc.language.isoen_AUen_AU
dc.rights© 2011 The Authors and Blackwell Publishing Ltden_AU
dc.sourceThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biologyen_AU
dc.subjectamino acid sequenceen_AU
dc.subjectarabidopsisen_AU
dc.subjectarabidopsis proteinsen_AU
dc.subjectbasic helix-loop-helix transcription factorsen_AU
dc.subjectplant chromosomesen_AU
dc.subjectconserved sequenceen_AU
dc.subjecte-box elementsen_AU
dc.subjectflowersen_AU
dc.subjectfruiten_AU
dc.subjectgene duplicationen_AU
dc.subjectgene expression regulation, planten_AU
dc.subjectplant genesen_AU
dc.subjectreporter genesen_AU
dc.subjectgenetic complementation testen_AU
dc.subjectscanning electron microscopyen_AU
dc.subjectmolecular sequence dataen_AU
dc.subjectgenetically modified plantsen_AU
dc.subjectgenetic promoter regionsen_AU
dc.subjectsequence alignmenten_AU
dc.subjecttwo-hybrid system techniquesen_AU
dc.titleSPATULA and ALCATRAZ, are partially redundant, functionally diverging bHLH genes required for Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit developmenten_AU
dc.typeJournal articleen_AU
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access via publisher siteen_AU
dcterms.dateAccepted2011-07-28
local.bibliographicCitation.issue5en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.lastpage829en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.startpage816en_AU
local.contributor.affiliationGroszmann, Michael, Monash Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationPaicu, Teodora, Monash Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationAlvarez, John P., Monash Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationSwain, Steve M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry (CSIRO)en_AU
local.contributor.affiliationSmyth, David R., Monash Universityen_AU
local.contributor.authoremailu1004439@anu.edu.auen_AU
local.contributor.authoruidGroszmann, Michael, u1004439en_AU
local.description.embargo2099-12-31
local.identifier.citationvolume68en_AU
local.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04732.xen_AU
local.identifier.essn1365-313Xen_AU
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByu5031974en_AU
local.publisher.urlhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/en_AU
local.type.statusSubmitted Versionen_AU

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