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Quantifying Diffuse Contamination: Method and Application to Pb in Soil

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dc.contributor.authorFabian, Karl
dc.contributor.authorReimann, C.
dc.contributor.authorde Caritat, Patrice
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-22T01:28:02Z
dc.date.available2020-04-22T01:28:02Z
dc.date.issued2017-04-28
dc.date.updated2019-11-25T07:55:39Z
dc.description.abstractA new method for detecting and quantifying diffuse contamination at the continental to regional scale is based on the, analysis of cumulative,distribution functions (CDFs). It uses cumulative probability (CP) plots for spatially representative data sets, preferably containing >1000 determinations. Simulations demonstrate how different types of contamination influence elemental CDFs of different sample media. It is found that diffuse contamination is characterized by a distinctive shift of the low-concentration end of the distribution of the studied element in its CP plot. Diffuse contamination can be detected and quantified via either (1) comparing the distribution of the contaminating element to that of an element with a geochemically comparable behavior but no contamination source (e.g., Pb vs Rb), or (2) comparing the top soil distribution of an element to the distribution of the same element in subsoil samples from the same area, taking soil forming processes into consideration. Both procedures are demonstrated for geochemical soil data sets from Europe, Australia, and the U.S.A. Several different data sets from Europe deliver comparable results at different scales. Diffuse Pb contamination in surface soil is estimated to be <0.5 mg/kg for Australia, 1-3 mg/kg for Europe, and 1-2 mg/kg, or at least <5 mg/kg, for the U.S.A. The analysis presented here also allows recognition of local contamination sources and can be used to efficiently monitor diffuse contamination at the continental to regional scale.en_AU
dc.format.extent8 pagesen_AU
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_AU
dc.identifier.issn0013-936Xen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/203350
dc.language.isoen_AUen_AU
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.rights© 2017 American Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.rights.licenseThis is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.en_AU
dc.rights.urihttps://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.htmlen_AU
dc.sourceEnvironmental Science and Technologyen_AU
dc.subjectElements, Soils, Chromatography, Contamination, Depositionen_AU
dc.titleQuantifying Diffuse Contamination: Method and Application to Pb in Soilen_AU
dc.typeJournal articleen_AU
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_AU
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-04-28
local.bibliographicCitation.issue12en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.lastpage6726en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.startpage6719en_AU
local.contributor.affiliationFabian, Karl, Geological Survey of Norwayen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationReimann, C., Geological Survey of Norwayen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationDe Caritat, Patrice, College of Science, The Australian National Universityen_AU
local.contributor.authoremailPatrice.DeCaritat@anu.edu.auen_AU
local.contributor.authoruidDe Caritat, Patrice, u3702178en_AU
local.description.notesImported from ARIESen_AU
local.identifier.absfor040201 - Exploration Geochemistryen_AU
local.identifier.absseo961404 - Mining Soilsen_AU
local.identifier.absseo840199 - Mineral Exploration not elsewhere classifieden_AU
local.identifier.ariespublicationu4485658xPUB926en_AU
local.identifier.citationvolume51en_AU
local.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.est.7b00741en_AU
local.identifier.essn1520-5851en_AU
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-85021649500
local.identifier.thomsonID000404087400011
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByu4485658en_AU
local.publisher.urlhttps://pubs.acs.org/en_AU
local.type.statusPublished Versionen_AU

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