A systematic survey of face stimuli used in psychological research 2000-2020

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dc.contributor.authorDawel, Amy
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorHorsburgh, Annabel
dc.contributor.authorFord, Patrice
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T05:13:46Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T05:13:46Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.updated2024-05-19T08:16:43Z
dc.description.abstractFor decades, psychology has relied on highly standardized images to understand how people respond to faces. Many of these stimuli are rigorously generated and supported by excellent normative data; as such, they have played an important role in the development of face science. However, there is now clear evidence that testing with ambient images (i.e., naturalistic images “in the wild”) and including expressions that are spontaneous can lead to new and important insights. To precisely quantify the extent to which our current knowledge base has relied on standardized and posed stimuli, we systematically surveyed the face stimuli used in 12 key journals in this field across 2000–2020 (N = 3374 articles). Although a small number of posed expression databases continue to dominate the literature, the use of spontaneous expressions seems to be increasing. However, there has been no increase in the use of ambient or dynamic stimuli over time. The vast majority of articles have used highly standardized and nonmoving pictures of faces. An emerging trend is that virtual faces are being used as stand-ins for human faces in research. Overall, the results of the present survey highlight that there has been a significant imbalance in favor of standardized face stimuli. We argue that psychology would benefit from a more balanced approach because ambient and spontaneous stimuli have much to offer. We advocate a cognitive ethological approach that involves studying face processing in natural settings as well as the lab, incorporating more stimuli from “the wild”.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_AU
dc.identifier.issn1554-3528
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733714127
dc.language.isoen_AUen_AU
dc.publisherSpringer New York LLC
dc.rights© 2021 The authors
dc.sourceBehavior Research Methods
dc.subjectFacial expression
dc.subjectSpontaneous
dc.subjectPosed
dc.subjectAmbient
dc.subjectVirtual avatar
dc.titleA systematic survey of face stimuli used in psychological research 2000-2020
dc.typeJournal article
local.bibliographicCitation.issue4
local.bibliographicCitation.lastpage1901
local.bibliographicCitation.startpage1889
local.contributor.affiliationDawel, Amy, College of Health and Medicine, ANU
local.contributor.affiliationMiller, Elizabeth, College of Health and Medicine, ANU
local.contributor.affiliationHorsburgh, Annabel, College of Health and Medicine, ANU
local.contributor.affiliationFord, Patrice, College of Health and Medicine, ANU
local.contributor.authoremailu4015018@anu.edu.au
local.contributor.authoruidDawel, Amy, u4015018
local.contributor.authoruidMiller, Elizabeth, u5281766
local.contributor.authoruidHorsburgh, Annabel, u6044073
local.contributor.authoruidFord, Patrice, u6052373
local.description.embargo2099-12-31
local.description.notesImported from ARIES
local.identifier.absfor520401 - Cognition
local.identifier.absfor520403 - Learning, motivation and emotion
local.identifier.ariespublicationa383154xPUB37220
local.identifier.citationvolume54
local.identifier.doi10.3758/s13428-021-01705-3
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-85136342863
local.identifier.uidSubmittedBya383154
local.publisher.urlhttps://link.springer.com/
local.type.statusPublished Version

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