Demographic transition in Southern Asia: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract

This paper examines fertility and mortality trends in Southern Asia and their consequences for changes in age structure, dependency ratio, population ageing and feminization of the elderly population. It highlights challenges and opportunities brought about by the demographic transition. In particular the paper suggests ways in which countries in Southern Asia can reap the benefits of the "demographic dividend", which is a one-time "window of opportunity" that countries in the region should fully exploit. This is particularly evident when looking towards future demographic trends in the region in which a number of countries in Southern Asia will need to deal with the challenges faced by ageing populations. In preparing for such a future, there is a need to start formulating policies for the elderly today.