Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes
Date
2008
Authors
Gilbert, M Thomas P
Drautz, Daniela I.
Lesk, Arthur M.
Ho, Simon
Qi, Ji
Ratan, Aakrosh
Hsu, Chih-Hao
Sher, Andrei
Dalén, Love
Götherström, Anders
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Volume Title
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences (USA)
Abstract
We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence. The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, ≈1-2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the14C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.
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Keywords
Keywords: mitochondrial DNA; article; calibration; cladistics; DNA extraction; elephant; gene sequence; genetic drift; genetic variability; genome analysis; mitochondrion; molecular model; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; priority journal; protein structur Ancient DNA; mtDNA genome; Next-generation sequencing; Phylogeny
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PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Type
Journal article
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2037-12-31
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