Total absorption of visible light in ultrathin weakly absorbing semiconductor gratings

Abstract

The perfect absorption of light in subwavelength thickness layers generally relies on exotic materials, metamaterials, or thick metallic gratings. Here we demonstrate that total light absorption can be achieved in ultrathin gratings composed of conventional materials, including relatively weakly absorbing semiconductors, which are compatible with optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors and optical modulators. We fabricate a 41 nm thick antimony sulphide grating structure that has a measured absorptance of A 99.3% at a visible wavelength of 591 nm, in excellent agreement with theory. We infer that the absorption within the grating is A 98.7%, with only A 0.6% within the silver mirror. A planar reference sample absorbs A 7.7% at this wavelength.