Oocysts and high seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs living in remote Aboriginal communities and wild dogs in Australia

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dc.contributor.authorKing, Jessica S
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Graeme K
dc.contributor.authorJenkins, David
dc.contributor.authorEllis, John Timothy
dc.contributor.authorFleming, Peter J S
dc.contributor.authorWindsor, Peter A
dc.contributor.authorSlapeta, Jan
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-10T23:27:01Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.date.updated2016-02-24T08:48:45Z
dc.description.abstractCanines are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa). For horizontal transmission from canines to occur, viable oocysts of N. caninum must occur in the environment of susceptible intermediate hosts. Canids in Australia include wild dogs and Aboriginal community dogs. Wild dogs are those dogs that are not dependent on humans for survival and consist of the dingo, feral domestic dog and their hybrid genotypes. Aboriginal community dogs are dependent on humans, domesticated and owned by a family, but are free-roaming and have free access throughout the community. In this study the extent of N. caninum infection was determined in a total of 374 dogs (75 wild dogs and 299 Aboriginal community dogs) using a combination of microscopic, molecular and serological techniques. Oocysts of N. caninum were observed in the faeces of two juvenile Aboriginal community dogs (2/132; 1.5%). To estimate N. caninum prevalence, a new optimised cut-off of 18.5% inhibition for a commercial competitive ELISA was calculated using a two-graph receiver-operating characteristic (TG-ROC) analysis and IFAT as the gold standard resulting in equal sensitivity and specificity of 67.8%. Of the 263 dog sera tested the true prevalence of N. caninum antibodies was 27.0% (95% confidence limit: 10.3-44.1%). The association between the competitive ELISA results in dogs less than 12 month old and older dogs was significant (P= 0.042). To our knowledge this is the first large scale parasitological survey of the Aboriginal community dogs and wild dogs from Australia. The high prevalence of N. caninum infection in Aboriginal community dogs illustrates that horizontal transmission of N. caninum is occurring in Australia. These results demonstrated that N. caninum in dogs is widespread, including the semi-arid to arid regions of north-western New South Wales and the Northern Territory. The populations of free-ranging dogs are likely to be important contributors to the sylvatic life cycle of N. caninum.
dc.identifier.issn0304-4017
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/68027
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.sourceVeterinary Parasitology
dc.subjectKeywords: parasite antibody; Aborigine; article; Australia; blood sampling; community living; controlled study; disease transmission; dog; enzyme inhibition; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; feces analysis; female; geographic distribution; male; microscopy; molec Dog; ELISA; Epidemiology; IFAT; Neosporosis; Oocysts; Serology
dc.titleOocysts and high seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs living in remote Aboriginal communities and wild dogs in Australia
dc.typeJournal article
local.bibliographicCitation.issue1-2
local.bibliographicCitation.lastpage92
local.bibliographicCitation.startpage85
local.contributor.affiliationKing, Jessica S, University of Sydney
local.contributor.affiliationBrown, Graeme K, University of Sydney
local.contributor.affiliationJenkins, David, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, ANU
local.contributor.affiliationEllis, John Timothy, University of Technology Sydney
local.contributor.affiliationFleming, Peter J S, NSW Department of Primary Industries
local.contributor.affiliationWindsor, Peter A, University of Sydney
local.contributor.affiliationSlapeta, Jan, University of Sydney
local.contributor.authoremailu8908764@anu.edu.au
local.contributor.authoruidJenkins, David, u8908764
local.description.embargo2037-12-31
local.description.notesImported from ARIES
local.identifier.absfor060500 - MICROBIOLOGY
local.identifier.ariespublicationf5625xPUB1595
local.identifier.citationvolume187
local.identifier.doi10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.027
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-84863407591
local.identifier.thomsonID000304799300013
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByf5625
local.type.statusPublished Version

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