Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family

Date

2012

Authors

Bouckaert, Remco
Lemey, Philippe
Dunn, Michael
Greenhill, Simon
Alekseyenko, Alexander V
Drummond, Alexei J.
Gray, Russell
Suchard, Marc A
Atkinson, Quentin D.

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Abstract

There are two competing hypotheses for the origin of the Indo-European language family. The conventional view places the homeland in the Pontic steppes about 6000 years ago. An alternative hypothesis claims that the languages spread from Anatolia with the expansion of farming 8000 to 9500 years ago. We used Bayesian phylogeographic approaches, together with basic vocabulary data from 103 ancient and contemporary Indo-European languages, to explicitly model the expansion of the family and test these hypotheses. We found decisive support for an Anatolian origin over a steppe origin. Both the inferred timing and root location of the Indo-European language trees fit with an agricultural expansion from Anatolia beginning 8000 to 9500 years ago. These results highlight the critical role that phylogeographic inference can play in resolving debates about human prehistory.

Description

Keywords

Keywords: Bayesian analysis; data set; language; mapping method; phylogeography; steppe; agriculture; Antiquity; article; Bayes theorem; controlled study; human; hypothesis; language; linguistics; phylogeny; priority journal; Agriculture; Bayes Theorem; Cultural Ev

Citation

Source

Science

Type

Journal article

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2037-12-31