The Mural Paintings of Phaya-thon-zu

Abstract

The mural paintings at Hpaya-Thon-Zu are amongst the most well preserved at the ancient Burmese capital of Bagan, Myanmar. They are also perhaps the most complex. These elaborate and detailed paintings incorporate traditional themes seen throughout Bagan's temples which resonate with Theravada Buddhist teachings, with a layering of imagery that links with Vajrayana Buddhism and tantric Buddhist practices. Close examination of the paintings reveals overpainting, repairs, alterations and iconographic inconsistencies, further complicating a historical analysis of the site. While some of the murals have deteriorated the skill and creativity demonstrated by the artisans responsible are clearly evident. While it may never be possible to know what prompted the creation of this temple complex it stands as evidence of Bagan's importance as a Buddhist centre and the tolerance shown to varying Buddhist traditions. This paper is the first to describe and interpret in detail the paintings within Phaya-thon-zu temple. Show more