Scaffolding of antigen receptors for immunogenic versus tolerogenic signaling
Date
2003
Authors
Jun, Jesse
Goodnow, Christopher
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Lymphocyte antigen receptors are responsible for inducing the opposite responses of immunity or tolerance. How the correct polarity of antigen receptor signaling is encoded has been an enduring enigma. Here we summarize recent advances defining key scaffolding molecules, CARMA1 (also known as CARD11) and the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases, required for either immunogenic or tolerogenic signaling by antigen receptors. These scaffolding proteins may determine the polarity of response to antigen by promoting assembly around antigen receptors of competing multiprotein signal complexes: immunosomes versus tolerosomes. Each of the factors that influence immunogenicity or tolerogenicity-stage of lymphocyte differentiation, concurrent engagement of inhibitory or costimulatory receptors, extent of receptor crosslinking, and prior antigen experience-may be integrated in lymphocytes through their capacity to influence the probability of assembling immunosomes versus tolerosomes.
Description
Keywords
Keywords: B lymphocyte receptor; calcium ion; CD28 antigen; CD40 antigen; cytoskeleton protein; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; isoprotein; Janus kinase; lymphocyte antigen receptor; membrane protein; mitogen activated protein kinase; protein carma1; trans
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Source
Nature Immunology
Type
Journal article