Two wide planetary-mass companions to solar-type stars in upper scorpius

Abstract

parameter space not obviously linked to binary star formation or solar system scale planet formation. These companions provide insight into the extreme case of companion formation (either binary or planetary), and due to their relative ease of observation when compared to close companions, they offer a useful template for our expectations of more typical planets. We present the results from an adaptive optics imaging survey for wide (∼50-500 AU) companions to solar-type stars in Upper Scorpius. We report one new discovery of a ∼14 MJ companion around GSC 06214-00210and confirm that the candidate planetary-mass companion 1RXS J160929.1-210524 detected by Lafrenière et al. is in fact comoving with its primary star. In our survey, these two detections correspond to ∼4% of solar-type stars having companions in the 6-20 MJ mass and ∼200-500 AU separation range. This figure is higher than would be expected if brown dwarfs and planetary-mass companions were drawn from an extrapolation of the binary mass function. Finally, we discuss implications for the formation of these objects. Show more