Structural Insights into the Dehydroascorbate Reductase Activity of Human Omega-Class Glutathione Transferases
Date
2012
Authors
Zhou, Huina
Brock, Joseph
Liu, Dan
Board, Philip
Oakley, Aaron
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Elsevier
Abstract
The reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to ascorbic acid (AA) is a vital cellular function. The omega-class glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyze several reductive reactions in cellular biochemistry, including DHA reduction. In humans, two isozymes (GSTO1-1 and GSTO2-2) with significant DHA reductase (DHAR) activity are found, sharing 64% sequence identity. While the activity of GSTO2-2 is higher, it is significantly more unstable in vitro. We report the first crystal structures of human GSTO2-2, stabilized through site-directed mutagenesis and determined at 1.9 Å resolution in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH). The structure of a human GSTO1-1 has been determined at 1.7 Å resolution in complex with the reaction product AA, which unexpectedly binds in the G-site, where the glutamyl moiety of GSH binds. The structure suggests a similar mode of ascorbate binding in GSTO2-2. This is the first time that a non-GSH-based reaction product has been observed in the G-site of any GST. AA stacks against a conserved aromatic residue, F34 (equivalent to Y34 in GSTO2-2). Mutation of Y34 to alanine in GSTO2-2 eliminates DHAR activity. From these structures and other biochemical data, we propose a mechanism of substrate binding and catalysis of DHAR activity. Crown
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Keywords: adrenochrome; alanine; ascorbic acid; dehydroascorbic acid reductase; glutathione; glutathione transferase; omega class glutathione transferase; unclassified drug; article; binding site; controlled study; crystal structure; enzyme active site; enzyme acti ascorbic acid; enzyme mechanism; induced fit; reduction; structure
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Journal of Molecular Biology
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Journal article
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2037-12-31
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