Role of gut microbiota in Crohn's Disease
Date
2009
Authors
Baker, Phillip
Love, Donald
Ferguson, Lynnette
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Expert Reviews
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), provides a complex model of host-microbe interactions underpinning disease pathogenesis. Although there is not widespread agreement on the etiology of CD, there is evidence that microorganisms lead to the often severe inflammatory response characteristic of the disease. Despite several microbial candidates, no specific microbe has been considered pathogenic. Instead, the concept of the 'pathogenic community' has emerged from the evidence, whereby the stability of the microbial ecosystem of the healthy human gut is disrupted in response to host genetics and destabilized immunity, perhaps through changing public health practices leading to altered microbial exposures over time. We discuss the complex microbial ecosystem of the mammalian gut, the underlying genetic factors that predispose to CD, and how these gene variants may alter host-microbe interactions and propagate inflammation. Over the next 5 years, the increased understanding of genes involved in CD and the way in which individuals with variants of these genes respond differently to nutrients and drugs will enable the rational development of personalized therapies, using pharmacogenomic and nutrigenomic approaches.
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Keywords
Keywords: alpha defensin; caspase recruitment domain protein 15; defensin; gene product; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; intelectin 1; leucine rich repeat kinase 2; membrane protein; mucin; mucin 19; muramyl dipeptide; pattern recognition receptor; prebiot Crohn's disease; Genetics; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Microbiology
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Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Journal article
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Restricted until
2037-12-31
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