Novel morphometric analysis of higher order structure of human radial peri-papillary capillaries: relevance to retinal perfusion efficiency and age

Abstract

We apply novel analyses to images of superfcial capillaries that are located near and around the optic disc of the human retina: the radial peri-papillary capillaries (RPCs). Due to their unique perfusion of the nerve fbre layer the RPCs are particularly signifcant for optic-neuropathies. The inputs to the analysis were z-stacks from 3D confocal fuorescence microscopy from 62 human retinas aged 9 to 84 years. Our aim was to fnd morphometric correlates of age. The retinas had no ophthalmic history. The analysis was undertaken in two stages: (1) converting the z-stacks to 3D tubular networks of vessels, and (2) characterizing the tubular networks using features derived from the Minkowski functionals (MFs). The MFs measure: the capillary volume, surface area, mean breadth, and Euler number. The mean breadth is related to tortuosity, wall shear stress and resistance to fow, and the Euler number is related to the density of loops (collaterals). Features derived from the surface area, mean breadth and Euler number were most related to age (all p≤0.006). The results indicate the importance of pressure-equalizing loops and tortuosity as quantitative measures related to perfusion efciency. The novel morphometric analysis could quantify disease-related accelerated aging and vessel malformation.