Non-equilibrium umbrella sampling applied to force spectroscopy of soft matter
Date
2012-02-01
Authors
Gao, Y. X.
Wang, G. M.
Williams, D. R. M.
Williams, Stephen R.
Evans, Denis J.
Sevick, E. M.
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American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Abstract
Physical systems often respond on a timescale which is longer than that of the measurement. This is particularly true in soft matter where direct experimental measurement, for example in force spectroscopy, drives the soft system out of equilibrium and provides a non-equilibrium measure. Here we demonstrate experimentally for the first time that equilibrium physical quantities (such as the mean square displacement) can be obtained from non-equilibrium measurements via umbrella sampling. Our model experimental system is a bead fluctuating in a time-varying optical trap. We also show this for simulated force spectroscopy on a complex soft molecule--a piston-rotaxane.
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Keywords
colloids, rotaxanes, microscopy, atomic force
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The Journal of Chemical Physics
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Journal article
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