Brain energy and oxygen metabolism: Emerging role in normal function and disease
Date
2018-06-22
Authors
Watts, Michelle E.
Pocock, Roger
Claudianos, Charles
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Frontiers Research Foundation
Abstract
Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxia, are associated with cellular stress. In the brain however, where drastic metabolic shifts occur to support physiological processes, subsequent changes to cellular oxidative state and induction of transcriptional sensors of oxidative stress likely play a significant role in regulating physiological neuronal function. Understanding the role of metabolism and metabolically-regulated genes in neuronal function will be critical in elucidating how cognitive functions are disrupted in pathological conditions where neuronal metabolism is affected. Here, we discuss known mechanisms regulating neuronal metabolism as well as the role of hypoxia and oxidative stress during normal and disrupted neuronal function. We also summarize recent studies implicating a role for metabolism in regulating neuronal plasticity as an emerging neuroscience paradigm.
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Keywords
oxidative metabolism, hypoxia, neurometabolism, plasticity, neurodegeneration
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Source
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
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Journal article
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Open Access
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Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
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