Synergistic Coating Strategy Combining Photodynamic Therapy and Fluoride-Free Superhydrophobicity for Eradicating Bacterial Adhesion and Reinforcing Corrosion Protection

Abstract

Device-associated infection is one of the significant challenges in the biomedical industry and clinical management. Controlling the initial attachment of microbes upon the solid surface of biomedical devices is a sound strategy to minimize the formation of biofilms and infection. A synergistic coating strategy combining superhydrophobicity and bactericidal photodynamic therapy is proposed herein to tackle infection issues for biomedical materials. A multifunctional coating is produced upon pure Mg substrate through a simple blending procedure without involvement of any fluoride-containing agents, differing from the common superhydrophobic surface preparations. Superhydrophobic features of the coating are confirmed through water contact angle measurements (152.5 ± 1.9°). In vitro experiments reveal that bacterial-adhesion repellency regarding both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) strains approaches over 96%, which is evidently ascribed to the proposed synergistic strategy, that is, superhydrophobic nature and microbicidal ability of photodynamic therapy. Electrochemical analysis indicates that the superhydrophobic coating provides pronounced protection against corrosion to underlying Mg with 80% reduction in the corrosion rate in minimum essential medium and retains the original surface features after 168 h exposure to neutral salt spray. The proof-of-concept research holds a great promise for tackling the notorious bacterial infection and poor corrosion resistance of Mg-based biodegradable materials in a simple, efficient, and environmentally benign manner.