Hypertension and Its Determinants Among White-Collar Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on Lifestyle Risk Factors and Health Literacy

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a growing public health concern, particularly among white-collar workers exposed to sedentary lifestyles and occupational stress. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of hypertension among commercial bank employees in Sunsari, Nepal, with a focus on lifestyle risk factors and health literacy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 bank employees using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS survey and clinical measurements of blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference. Hypertension was classified based on the JNC 8 guidelines. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent t tests were used for preliminary analysis. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of hypertension, controlling for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 62.1% (95% CI 58.6–65.6), with 47.5% in Stage I and 14.6% in Stage II. Males had significantly higher odds of hypertension than females (aOR 2.237, 95% CI 1.170–4.276). Behavioral risk factors such as alcohol consumption (aOR 4.732, 95% CI 1.386–16.160) and frequent processed food intake (aOR 2.640, 95% CI 1.024–7.096) were significantly associated with hypertension. Overweight (aOR 1.819) and obesity (aOR 1.575) were also found to be the major risk factors. Lower health literacy scores, particularly in healthcare engagement and self-management, were associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The high prevalence of hypertension among bank employees highlights the need for workplace interventions promoting healthy lifestyles, routine screenings, and health literacy programs to improve hypertension awareness and management.