Trusted intermediaries? The role of diasporas in humanitarian assistance

Abstract

This article explores the role of diasporas in humanitarian aid, focusing on their contributions and challenges during humanitarian crises such as natural disasters, economic collapse, and political conflicts. Utilizing data from the Diaspora Humanitarians project, it identifies seven key features of diaspora humanitarianism: under-resourcing, volunteering, commitment, access, needs assessment, partiality, and political divisions. While differing from traditional principles such as neutrality and impartiality, in some cases diaspora humanitarianism may bring unique strengths, including deep emotional ties and superior access to crisis zones. Despite being perceived as under-resourced, diaspora groups generate substantial remittances, often exceeding official aid. However, their reliance on volunteers and personal connections can result in partiality and political fragmentation. Drawing on insights from two types of case studies—man-made crises (Afghanistan and Myanmar) and natural disasters (Nepal and Tonga), this study suggests that collaboration between diaspora and mainstream humanitarian actors can enhance the trustworthiness and efficiency of aid efforts. Such partnerships can address the resource limitations of diaspora groups while utilizing their strong community bonds and rapid response capabilities.