Keck Adaptive Optics Facility: Real Time Controller Upgrade

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dc.contributor.authorChin, Jason C.Y.en
dc.contributor.authorCetre, S.en
dc.contributor.authorWizinowich, P.en
dc.contributor.authorRagland, S.en
dc.contributor.authorLilley, S.en
dc.contributor.authorWetherell, E.en
dc.contributor.authorSurendran, A.en
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, C.en
dc.contributor.authorMarin, E.en
dc.contributor.authorBiasi, R.en
dc.contributor.authorPatauner, C.en
dc.contributor.authorPescoller, D.en
dc.contributor.authorGlazebrook, K.en
dc.contributor.authorJameson, A.en
dc.contributor.authorGauvin, W.en
dc.contributor.authorRigaut, F.en
dc.contributor.authorGratadour, D.en
dc.contributor.authorBernard, J.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T21:29:25Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T21:29:25Z
dc.date.issued2022en
dc.description.abstractThe W. M. Keck Observatory Adaptive Optics (AO) facilities have been operating with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based real time controller (RTC) since 2007. The RTC inputs data from various AO wavefront and tip/tilt sensors; and corrects image blurring from atmospheric turbulence via deformable and tip/tilt mirrors. Since its commissioning, the Keck I and Keck II RTCs have been upgraded to support new hardware such as pyramid wavefront and infrared tip-tilt sensors. However, they are reaching the limits of their capabilities in terms of processing bandwidth and the ability to interface with new hardware. Together with the Keck All-sky Precision Adaptive optics (KAPA) project, a higher performance and a more reliable RTC is needed to support next generation capabilities such as laser tomography and sensor fusion. This paper provides an overview of the new RTC system, developed with our contractor/collaborators (Microgate, Swinburne University of Technology and Australian National University), and the initial on-sky performance. The upgrade includes an Interface Module to interface with the wavefront sensors and controlled hardware, and a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) based computational engine to meet the system's control requirements and to provide a flexible software architecture to allow future algorithms development and capabilities. The system saw first light in 2021 and is being commissioned in 2022 to support single conjugate laser guide star (LGS) AO, along with a more sensitive EMCCD camera. Initial results are provided to demonstrate single NGS & LGS performance, system reliability, and the planned upgrade for four LGS to support laser tomography.en
dc.description.sponsorshipFor laser tomography modes 9-11 using four LGS, the control algorithm is shown in Figure 4. The differences for the LTAO modes are the four ROIs (regions of interests) instead of a single LGS, the additional processing related to the ROIs, and the pseudo open loop control processing using the DM control feedback. Initially, the NRTC was required to demonstrate its bandwidth capability to support the LTAO modes using one OCAM2K. A new contract has been awarded to Microgate as part of the KAPA project to integrate the infrastructure to support four LGS. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. The Keck II real-time controller is funded by the NSF Major Research for Instrumentation Program award AST-1727071 (Wizinowich). Funding support for the KAPA system is provided by the National Science Foundation Mid-Scale Innovations Program award AST-1836016 (PI: Wizinowich). We would like to acknowledge the technical contributions of Randall Campbell, James E. Lyke, and Max Service. We also would like to acknowledge the technical team of Florian Ferreira and Arnaud Sevin from Observatoire de Paris. We would like to thank the NRTC science team of Andrea Ghez, Mike Liu and Claire Max for their support.en
dc.description.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.identifier.isbn9781510653511en
dc.identifier.issn0277-786Xen
dc.identifier.otherORCID:/0000-0003-3490-7121/work/171157068en
dc.identifier.scopus85178508549en
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178508549&partnerID=8YFLogxKen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733754434
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSPIEen
dc.relation.ispartofAdaptive Optics Systems VIIIen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAdaptive Optics Systems VIII 2022en
dc.relation.ispartofseriesProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineeringen
dc.rightsPublisher Copyright: © 2022 SPIE.en
dc.subjectAdaptive Opticsen
dc.subjectKecken
dc.subjectlaseren
dc.subjectLaser Guide Staren
dc.subjectlaser tomographyen
dc.subjectReal Time Controlleren
dc.titleKeck Adaptive Optics Facility: Real Time Controller Upgradeen
dc.typeConference paperen
dspace.entity.typePublicationen
local.contributor.affiliationChin, Jason C.Y.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationCetre, S.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationWizinowich, P.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationRagland, S.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationLilley, S.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationWetherell, E.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationSurendran, A.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationCorreia, C.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationMarin, E.; W. M. Keck Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationBiasi, R.; Microgate S.r.l.en
local.contributor.affiliationPatauner, C.; Microgate S.r.l.en
local.contributor.affiliationPescoller, D.; Microgate S.r.l.en
local.contributor.affiliationGlazebrook, K.; Swinburne University of Technologyen
local.contributor.affiliationJameson, A.; Swinburne University of Technologyen
local.contributor.affiliationGauvin, W.; Swinburne University of Technologyen
local.contributor.affiliationRigaut, F.; Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science and Medicine, The Australian National Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationGratadour, D.; Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science and Medicine, The Australian National Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationBernard, J.; Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science and Medicine, The Australian National Universityen
local.identifier.ariespublicationa383154xPUB37754en
local.identifier.citationvolume12185en
local.identifier.doi10.1117/12.2629614en
local.identifier.essn1996-756Xen
local.identifier.pured1b92f69-76f2-4fed-9a8d-cf0578481ba1en
local.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85178508549en
local.type.statusPublisheden

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