Competitive Networked Bivirus SIS Spread Over Hypergraphs

Abstract

The paper deals with the spread of two competing viruses over a network of population nodes, accounting for pair-wise interactions and higher-order interactions (HOI) within and between the population nodes. We study the competitive networked bivirus susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model on a hypergraph introduced in Cui et al. [1]. We show that the system has, in a generic sense, a finite number of equilibria, and the Jacobian associated with each equilibrium point is nonsingular; the key tool is the Parametric Transver-sality Theorem of differential topology. Since the system is also monotone, it turns out that the typical behavior of the system is convergence to some equilibrium point. Thereafter, we exhibit a tri-stable domain with three locally exponentially stable equilibria. For different parameter regimes, we establish conditions for the existence of a coexistence equilibrium (both viruses infect separate fractions of each population node).