Far-field RF-powered closed-loop bioelectronic system for enhanced wound healing and connected healthcare

Abstract

Skin wounds caused by trauma, surgery, or disease remain a significant clinical challenge, under-scoring the need for innovative strategies to promote tissue repair and regeneration. We present a wireless and battery-free bioelectronic system with closed-loop capability powered by far-field radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting for enhanced wound healing and connected healthcare. Unlike conventional near-field systems constrained by transmission distance and alignment, this platform utilizes ambient Wi-Fi signals to drive biocompatible and stretchable molybdenum (Mo)-based composite electrodes, enabling both electrical stimulation and real-time impedance monitoring to dynamically assess wound status. By integrating energy harvesting, electrical stimulation, and feedback sensing into a fully autonomous system, this approach mimics endogenous electric fields to promote keratinocyte migration, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and hair follicle regeneration. Transcriptomic analysis further confirms modulation of inflammatory pathways and activation of regenerative gene programs. With an operating range exceeding 8 meters and smartphone-based control, the system enables adaptive wound care and supports at-home treatment. This work establishes a scalable framework for self-powered bioelectronic medicine, opening new opportunities for regenerative therapy, neuromodulation, and intelligent healthcare applications.