An analysis of the changing spatial location of agricultural enterprises in Selangor state, Malaysia

Abstract

This paper examines the changing land use of agricultural areas in Selangor State generally and specifically near urban areas of Kuala Lumpur between 1966 and 1982. Using two contrasting models designed to explain the spatial location of agricultural enterprises, the study found that von Thunen's model has become less relevent due to the modernization of transportation system with consequent significant reduction in transport costs. However, in the late 60's, early 70's, there is sane empirical evidence, that market gardening and mixed horticulture areas were found in close proximity to the urban built-up areas and along the major roads. This was in keeping with von Thunen's hypothesis. Between the land use surveys of 1974 and 1982 rapid economic development and concentrated industrialization in the study area, resulted in a marked increase in population growth and urbanization. This had a significant impact on agricultural areas in a manner in keeping with Sinclair's 'urban sprawl' or 'urban threat' hypothesis. The effect was particularly marked in the peri-urban districts immediately surrounding the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Agricultural land use in the Federal Territory, which is mainly under rubber, declined by 33 per cent. In addition about 32 per cent of the rubber trees were senile in 1974. The problem of senile rubber trees has increased and extends to the peri-urban areas. However, the reduction of rubber areas in the intermediate districts is correlated with an expansion of oil palm areas. In other words, the lack of interest by rubber estates and smallholders in replanting with oil palm in the peri-urban districts was probably due to uncertainty associated with the urban expansion. Beside this aspect of the urban threat, agricultural land prices have increased substantially in recent years in both the peri-urban areas and also in the intermediate districts. The limited evidence that was available from the Landuse Surveys suggests that the problem of agricultural production in the study area is now directly and strongly influenced by rapid urban expansion, as suggested by Sinclair. The nature of this influence needs to be the subject of more detailed research so that more realistic agricultural development policies can be designed. Show more