A work values perspective of the Generation Y-Australian public service employment relationship

Abstract

Generation Y, the colloquial term applied to those born from 1980-1998, will become the dominant cohort in the Australian workforce in the current decade, outnumbering both preceding generation cohorts - the Baby Boomers (born 1945-1962) and Generation X (born 1963-1979). Accounts across extant literature suggest Generation Y work values represent a distinct challenge to existing workplace norms and attitudes.

The Australian Public Service (APS), employing over 160,000 people, has identified the recruitment and retention of Generation Y (representing almost one-third of its workforce) as a strategic concern (APSC, 2005). Using the qualitative approaches of scenario modelling, narrative-based semi-structured interviews and open-ended self-report questionnaires, this study examines the work values of Generation Y participants using a student sample (N = 161) and a sample of current APS employees (N = 60). Generation Y work values data are contrasted with the perceptions of APS managers (N = 20) and examined within the theoretical context of the employment relationship, viewed through the lens of the psychological contract and the theory of person-organisation fit. Data analysis is based on Charmaz's (2006) systematic, grounded theory-based approach.

Data suggest that the APS setting represents a good degree of fit with Generation Y work values preferences for inclusive management and workplace processes; the ability to make a social contribution; organisational ethics; long-term careers and ongoing development; adequate work-life balance; and, interactive communication. Findings suggest a partial fit with the values preference for pragmatism. Misfit between the APS values and Generation Y work values is evident where the APS structure is based on hierarchical processes and Generation Y work values favour immediacy in workplace decisions. Overall findings suggest a positive Generation Y-APS employment relationship. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed with reference to existing literature.