Information sequencing in modern standard Chinese

Abstract

This study sets out to elucidate principles of information sequencing in Modem Standard Chinese (MSC). It focuses on interrelationships within four areas: (i) Modifier - mcxlified sequencing. After a review of treatments of information sequence in Chinese sentence structure, the principles behind the sequencing of clauses in complex sentences in MSC are sought. It is shown that the preferred unmarked sequence in these sentences is subordinate clause - main clause and it is argued that the'TOPIC-CO:MMENT' sequence is not being followed in these sentences. The general term 'the BECAUSE-THEREFORE' sequence is given to this modifier - modified principle. The circumstances under which the marked sequence can or must be used are also discussed. (ii) Sequence and persuasion The order in which speakers of MSC sequence information in spoken discourse, particularly when they are giving what they hope will be a persuasive answer to a question, is analysed using data from a seminar and three press conferences. It is shown that the modifer - modifed 'BECAUSE-THEREFORE' is also fallowed at this level of discourse. (iii) Sequence and requesting The order in which writers sequence information in informal letters of request is analysed. It is shown that the preferred sequence places the reason(s) for the request(s) before the requests. The letters of request therefore also follow the 'BECAUSETHEREFORE' sequence. In addition, the preferred overall schema being followed in these letters is also described. (iv) Sequence and induction Methods of reasoning in Chinese are discussed and examples of reasoning in Chinese analysed to show that Chinese prefers an inductive method of reasoning. It is argued that this method of reasoning also follows the 'BECAUSE-THEREFORE' sequence. Reasons for this preference are also suggested. A discussion concerning the implications of the differences between the findings for MSC and English concludes the thesis.