Signing of Protocol at Peking, 1901 [Chinese side]
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Photographer: Giles Family
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Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
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Prince Qing ( [Yikuang] 1836-1916) was chief member of the Office of Foreign Affairs (the Zongli Yaman) from 1884-1911. When the Court fled from Peking in 1900 [Yikuang] also fled to Xuanhua, but on August 26 was ordered to return to Peking to co-operate with Li Hongzhang in peace negotiations with the Allies. After he and Li signed the Protocol in 1901, ending the hostilities of the Boxer War, he continued to conduct foreign affairs. Hummel (1943) v. II pp. 964-5. Photograph includes: French Minister; Li Hongzhang; Prince Qing [Yikuang, 1838-1917].Li Hongzhang "was a prominent Chinese diplomat and statesman. Li was active in diplomacy from 1871, beijing concerned with the writing of most of China's treaties and agreements with foreign powers from that data. In 1898, however, when the reform movement was under way, he was dismissed from the [Zongli Yamen] and his high official posts. He remained in the Civil Service and when the Boxer Uprising occurred he was serving in [Guangdong] as Governor-General of [Guangdong] province. As he was regarded as being acceptable to the foreign powers, he was appointed by the Court to conduct the negotiations when the Chinese armies were defeated in the north [at the end of the Boxer Uprising]." Lancelot Giles (1970), p. 188."A peace treaty containing 12 articles and 19 annexes was finally signed in the Spanish Legation on 7 September 1901." An indemnity of £67,500,000 (about $335,000,000 at the 1900 rate of exchange) was to be paid. An Imperial Edict dated 26 May [1901] announced that the payment would be made in full. (It would take 39 years.) Diana Preston (1999) p.232-3. The protocol "included provisions for Prince Ch'un to proceed to Berlin to convey to the German Emperor the regrets of the Chinese Emperor and Grand Council for the murder of Baron von Ketteler, and for the erection of a monument on the spot where he was killed: the suspension of the official examinations for five years in all cities where foreigners had been massacred or maltreated: Na T'ung, vice-president of the Board of Revenue, was to proceed to Japan to convey the regrets of the Chinese Emperor and government for the murder of Mr Sugiyama: China was to erect an expiatory monument in each of the foreign international settlements that had been 'desecrated': the importation of arms and ammunition were to be prohibited for five years; the legation quarter in Peking was to be reserved for the exclusive residence of foreigners: the Taku and other forts which might impede free communication between Peking and the sea were to be razed: certain specified points were to be occupied by the powers: an edict prohibiting membership of any anti-foreign society for ever upon pain of death was to be issued and there were other provisions including the negotiation of amendments to the existing Treaties of Commerce and Navigation and the establishment of river conservancy boards with foreign participation; the reformation of the Tsungli Yamen and its promotion to be a Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Wai Wu Pu) with precedence over the six other ministries of State." Victor Purcell (1963) pp. 260-1.
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Menzies Very Large Rare Book 2233396
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Giles Family Albums
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Open Access
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This image is published under a CC-BY licence.