Employment pattern in India since 1911
Date
1971
Authors
Ambannavar, Jaipal Padmaraj
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The analysis of the long- term trends in the
employment pattern has been a topic of great attraction
for many researchers. Among the major pioneering
contribut ors in this field, mention may be made of B.G.
Ghate, V.N. Kothari, Daniel and Alice Thorner, and the
Labour and Employment Division of the Planning Commission.
B. G. Ghate ' s work was published in 1940, and it dealt with
the analysis of the trends in the size and the industrial
distribution of the working force for t he then area of
India , covering a period up to 1931 . The analysis was
accompanied QY a considerable insight into the nature and
quality of the Indian census data on working force . Ghate
is perhaps the first one to point out how the departure in
the practice of enumeration of workers in the 1931 census
had affected the operational comparability of the working
force data of that census with those of the earlier
censuses . His comments on the working force data of the
1931 census and the earlier censuses are so pioneering
and important that one cannot fail to include them in one ' s own analysis of the comparability of the working
force data from different censuses. The next important
work to appear was that of V.N. Kothari, covering the
period 1881-1951. This work was noted for two reasons
first, it identified the expanding and shrinking sectors
of employment; and, second, it took great pains to
explain the reasons for the trends of employment in each
of the important industrial groups in the light of the
political, socio - economic and demographic history of
India. Tije most important work covering the period 1881-
1951, undertaken on a larger scale, however, was that of
Daniel and Alice Thorner . The study entitled "The Working
Force in India, 1881-1951," is a monograph with five parts.
The study is important, not merely in regard to the
analysis of trends in the size and industrial distribution
of the working force, but also in regard to an exhaustive
critical examination of the comparability of Census
economic data, 1881-1951. It also deals with the problem
of reshuffling the numerous industrial groups of the
earlier censuses into comparable industrial divisions or
sub-divisions of the latest census. The work is specially
noted for the exhaustive critical examination of the 1951
census data on working force. The study by the Planning
Commission attempts a simple analysis of the employment
trends during 1901-1951. It also includes data for 1941,
estimated from the two per cent sample tabulation of the
census data. The analysis contained in these studies was
rather handicaped by the non-availability upto 1951, of
the cross-tabulations of the working force data by other
important characteristics.
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