ANU Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/113892
The Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR) began in the Research School of Social Sciences at ANU in 1980, at the initiative of the late Professor Fred Gruen. It was founded on account of a major gap in Australian universities between research and economic policy debate. CEPR was the first institution in Australia to seek to bridge this gap, and continues to inform sound research-led policy.
CEPR Discussion Papers
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Browsing ANU Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) by Author "Anderson, Kym"
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Item Open Access Agriculture, Developing Countries, And The World Trade Organization Millennium Round(Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), The Australian National University) Anderson, KymThe potential welfare gains from further liberalizing agricultural markets are huge, both absolutely and relative to gains from liberalizing textiles or other manufacturing, according to GTAP modeling results. Should attempts to liberalize farm trade in the next WTO round follow the same pattern as the Uruguay Round, or might a more radical approach be required to bring agriculture more into the WTO mainstream? The present paper explores this question from the viewpoint of developing countries by focusing especially on the Uruguay Round's dirty tariffication and adoption of tariff rate quotas. It also examines new agricultural issues, notably one on the demand side (food safety) and one on the supply side (agriculture's so-called multifunctionality), both of which have important implications for developing countries' trade. Options facing developing countries are explored in the final section, where it is suggest the new millennium round offers an opportunity for those countries to be pro-active and take the high ground in demanding faster reform of both farm and textile trade in return for their own opening up.Item Metadata only Economic Growth, Environmental Issues and Trade(Canberra, ACT: Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), The Australian National University, 1993-09) Anderson, KymThis paper explores the implications for trade relations of the greening of world politics. It modifies the standard theory of changing comparative advantages in a growing world economy to show the effects on trade of taking into account the fact that the demand for domestic environmental policies increases as economies expand. The demands for environmental policies would not be a problem if they were confined to first-best policies. Trade problems arise, however, when those policies undermine an industry's competitiveness (from which protection is sought), or when a trade policy measure is adopted in an attempt to impose one's own standards on another country's environment, or when trade liberalization is opposed by environmentalists. The paper shows how all three unnecessarily threaten to undermine the global trading system and how, in the cases of coal and food, trade liberalization could well improve rather than worsen the global environment.Item Metadata only The Entwining of Trade Policy with Environmental and Labour Standards(Canberra, ACT: Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), The Australian National University) Anderson, KymWhile environmental and labour issues are not new to the GATT, nor to other trade policy fora, they are likely to have a more prominent role in trade policy discussions in the years ahead for the newly formed World Trade Organization (WTO). Many developing countries perceive the entwining of these social issues with trade policy as a threat to both their sovereignty and their economies, while significant groups in advanced economies consider it unfair, ecologically unsound, even immoral, to trade with countries adopting much lower standards than their own. This paper examines why these issues are becoming more prominent, whether the WTO is an appropriate forum to discuss them, and how they affect developing and other economies. It concludes that: (a) the direct effect on developing economies is likely to be small and for some may even be positive through improved terms of trade and/or compensatory transfer payments; but (b) there is an important indirect negative effect on them and other economies, namely the potential erosion of the rules-based multilateral trading system that would result from an over-use of trade measures to pursue environmental or labour market objectives.