Todd, Katherine
Description
Health protection involves the prevention and control of threats
to health from both communicable
diseases and the environment. I conducted a variety of projects
across the breadth of Health
Protection within NSW Health between March 2016 and October 2017
to fulfil the requirements of
the Masters of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology (MAE).
My first placement was within the Enteric and Zoonotic Diseases
division of the Communicable
Disease...[Show more] Branch. A large outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul occurred
in Australia between December
2015 and June 2016 with a total of 547 confirmed and probable
cases notified. When I commenced
in March 2016 this outbreak had been underway since December 2015
with no clear vehicle of
infection identified. I conducted a case-control study including
72 confirmed cases and 144 controls
from SA and NSW which identified that Mung bean sprout
consumption was reported by 40.6%
(28/69) of cases and 4.3% (6/140) of controls (OR 14.6, 95% CI
5.9-39.4). This outbreak led to a recall
of mung bean sprouts from an implicated sprouter in South
Australia and public messaging about
the safe preparation and consumption of bean sprouts.
In July 2016 six states and territories of Australia were
affected by a large outbreak of Salmonella
Hvittingfoss with 144 confirmed and suspected cases notified. I
led a coordinated multi-jurisdictional
investigation to identify the source of infection and control the
outbreak, including conducting a
case-control study. The epidemiological, microbiological and
environmental investigation implicated
consumption of rockmelon (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.87-27.93) from a single
producer as a significant risk for
infection. The producer initiated a voluntary recall of the
product.
My second placement was in the Environmental Health Branch of
Health Protection. I completed a
review of the epidemiology of notifications in NSW to provide a
snapshot of elevated blood lead
levels in NSW and to inform an evaluation of the NSW elevated
blood lead surveillance system.
There were 9,486 notifications of elevated blood lead from
1997–2016, with an average annual
notification rate of 6.9 per 100,000. I analysed notification
data for by age, sex, geographic area,
exposure and occupation and compared notification rates over time
and between geographic
regions. I identified several limitations with the dataset that
made it difficult to analyse notification
rates, particularly by risk and exposure history and by blood
lead level, and made recommendations
to improve the data collection system. I also collected
qualitative data about the function of the
blood lead surveillance system by conducting face-to-face
interviews with key stakeholders
throughout NSW. Key areas for improvement in the system included
changes to the way data is
entered into the surveillance system, greater guidance for public
health units on following up
notifications, a review of the information collected on exposure,
and guidance regarding liaising with
occupational health regulatory agencies to ensure follow-up of
occupational notifications.
Through completing these projects, I made valuable contributions
to protecting the health of NSW
residents.
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