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Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , First observation of excited states in Cs: Signature inversion in the πh11/2 ⊗ vh11/2 band(1997-07-31) Smith, J. F.; Chiara, C. J.; Fossan, D. B.; Lane, G. J.; Sears, J. M.; Thorslund, I.; Amro, H.; Davids, C. N.; Janssens, R. V.F.; Seweryniak, D.; Hibbert, I. M.; Wadsworth, R.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.Excited states have been observed for the first time in the very neutron-deficient odd-odd 11855Cs nucleus. A doubly-decoupled band based on the π(h11/2) ⊗ v(h11/2) configuration has been identified to spins over 30 (latin small letter h with stroke). The band has been assigned to 118Cs using γ-recoil and γ-X-ray coincidences. A low-spin signature inversion is observed between 16 and 17 (latin small letter h with stroke). The band is discussed with respect to the systematics of signature inversion in odd-odd A ≃ 120 nuclei.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , WHO estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of 14 foodborne diarrhoeal enteric hazards, 2000–21: an updated data synthesis(2026) Majowicz, Shannon; Colston, Josh M.; Kirk, Martyn; Pires, Sara M.; Minato, Yuki; Founou, Luria L.; Devleesschauwer, Brecht; di Bari, Carlotta; Estrada-Garcia, Teresa; Vaes, Louise; Havelaar, Arie H.; Roberts, Charlee; Gobena, Tesfaye; Kumar, Ashok; Al Natour, Fadi; Lake, Robin J.; Nane, Gabriela F.; Robertson, Lucy J.; Fernandez, Kim; Walter, Elaine Scallan; Kosek, Margaret; Agudo, Antonio; Al Huthiel, Mohammed; Al Natour, Fadi; Bai, Li; Bruce, Beau; Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Dorjee, Sithar; Estrada-Garcia, Teresa; Founou, Luria Leslie; Gobena, Tesfaye; Hoffmann, Sandra; Jakobsen, Lea Sletting; Keddy, Karen; Kirk, Martyn; Kretzschmar, Mirjam; Kubota, Kunihiro; Kumar, Ashok; Lake, Rob; Majowicz, Shannon; Mughini-Gras, Lapo; Pires, Sara Monteiro; Rachmawati, Tety; Robertson, Lucy; Walter, Elaine Scallan; Sripa, Banchob; Al Natour, Fadi; Estrada-Garcia, Teresa; Founou, Luria Leslie; Kirk, MartynBackground: Foodborne diseases cause significant illness and death globally. We updated WHO estimates of the burden caused by diarrhoeal hazards commonly transmitted by food: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and other thermotolerant Campylobacter species; Cryptosporidium spp; Cyclospora cayetanensis; Entamoeba histolytica; enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; enteropathogenic E coli; enterotoxigenic E coli; Giardia duodenalis; norovirus; rotavirus; non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica; Shiga toxin-producing E coli; Shigella spp; and Vibrio cholerae. Methods: We estimated illnesses, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 194 countries for the period 2000–21 using data from systematic reviews; the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021; a structured expert judgement study; and country consultations. We used disease-specific computational models, and a hierarchical meta-regression model with geographical clustering, a global linear time trend, and uncertainty propagation. Findings: In 2021, the 14 diarrhoeal hazards caused 666 million (95% UI 483–884) illnesses, 265 000 deaths (196 000–351 000), and 15·2 million (11·6–19·1) DALYs from foodborne transmission. Shigella spp, Campylobacter, and rotavirus caused the most DALYs from foodborne transmission. The greatest burden was in the African region (773·5 DALYs [95% UI 559·7–1033·3] per 100 000 population due to foodborne transmission). Mortality rates were 7·1 times higher and DALY rates 18·9 times higher in children younger than 5 years than in people aged 5 years or older. While the overall foodborne burden decreased between 2000 (692·3 DALYs [517·9–938·1] per 100 000 population) and 2021 (193·6 [147·2–243·0] per 100 000), this trend was not consistent for all hazards. Interpretation: Diarrhoeal hazards continue to cause a substantial foodborne disease burden, despite decreases over time. Children in low-income countries bear the greatest burden. Prevention requires concerted efforts, including expanding global diarrhoeal disease prevention efforts beyond water, sanitation, and hygiene and vaccination to include improvements in the safety of the food supply. Funding: WHO.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , The barriers and enablers of outbreak reporting in the Asia-Pacific region: A mixed methods study of field epidemiologists(2026) Talwar, Amish; Griffith, Matthew M.; Katz, Rebecca; Kirk, Martyn D.; Housen, TambriOutbreak reporting is thought to be subject to technical, or capacity, barriers that physically hinder reporting and non-technical barriers, such as the threat of economic losses, that discourage governments from reporting. While technical barriers to reporting have been extensively explored, there is less evidence for the effects of non-technical barriers, particularly at the subnational level. To better understand the impact of both technical and non-technical barriers at the subnational level, we conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study involving field epidemiology training program (FETP) trainees and graduates in the Asia-Pacific region. We first surveyed study participants on the importance of putative outbreak reporting barriers and enablers using a three-point Likert scale and free text responses. We then interviewed respondents to more deeply explore key factors affecting outbreak reporting that were elicited from the survey. We calculated counts and percentages for all survey variables, and we coded free text responses from the survey and the interview transcripts. We then used thematic analysis to derive common themes from our findings. Fifty-six FETP trainees or graduates completed the survey, representing 19 Asia-Pacific countries and territories; of these respondents, we interviewed 16. The barrier noted by most survey respondents to have a high reporting impact was lack of staff (28, 50.0%). The enablers noted by most survey respondents to have a high reporting impact were training about what and how to report an outbreak (40, 71.4%) and sufficient surveillance resources (40, 71.4%). Based on our survey and interview findings, we elicited four thematic barriers – lack of capacity, behavioural barriers, political and socioeconomic barriers, and bureaucratic barriers – and three thematic enablers – building capacity, building a culture of reporting, and political and bureaucratic support. Although lack of capacity was found to disrupt reporting at the subnational level, several non-technical barriers also impacted reporting, particularly economic and reputational concerns. Future studies should explore these barriers beyond the Asia-Pacific region.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Seniority Structure in Neutron-Rich Nucleus Ag 128: Evidence for Robustness of N=82 Shell Closure in Silver Isotopes(2025-06-13) Luo, D. W.; Zhang, J. Z.; Li, Z. H.; Cheng, Y. Y.; Hua, H.; Watanabe, H.; Lorusso, G.; Yuan, C. X.; Nishimura, S.; Baba, H.; Benzoni, G.; Browne, F.; Chae, K. Y.; Chen, Z. Q.; Crespi, F. C.L.; Doornenbal, P.; Fukuda, N.; Gernhäuser, R.; Gey, G.; Guo, C. Y.; Inabe, N.; Isobe, T.; Jiang, D. X.; Jin, Y.; Jung, H. S.; Jungclaus, A.; Kameda, D.; Kim, G. D.; Kim, Y. K.; Kojouharov, I.; Kondev, F. G.; Kubo, T.; Kurz, N.; Kwon, Y. K.; Lane, G. J.; Li, X. Q.; Lou, J. L.; Montaner-Pizá, A.; Moschner, K.; Naqvi, F.; Ni, L.; Niikura, M.; Nishibata, H.; Odahara, A.; Orlandi, R.; Patel, Z.; Podolyák, Zs; Sakurai, H.; Schaffner, H.; Simpson, G. S.; Söderström, P. A.; Steiger, K.; Sumikama, T.; Suzuki, H.; Takeda, H.; Taprogge, J.; Vajta, Zs; Wendt, A.; Wu, H. Y.; Wu, J.; Xu, C.; Xu, Z. Y.; Yagi, A.; Ye, Y. L.; Yoshinaga, K.; Zhang, S. Q.; Zhang, S. Y.; Zhou, Z. X.The spectroscopic studies of very neutron-rich nucleus Ag128 have been performed for the first time at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory of RIKEN. A new seniority isomer with a half-life of 1.60(7) μs has been identified and is proposed to have a spin-parity of 16- with a maximally aligned configuration comprising three proton holes in the g9/2 orbital and one neutron hole in the h11/2 orbital. The new level structure in Ag128 is quite well described by shell model calculations without invoking excitations across the Z=50 and N=82 shell gaps, and presents a good case of seniority scheme in odd-odd nuclei in the south vicinity of the double-magic nucleus Sn132. With a classification of various components of the proton-neutron interaction, the inversion of lowest-lying 9- and 10- states between Ag128 and its neighboring isotone In130 is found to be dynamically ascribed to the seniority-nonconserving proton-neutron interaction components. The structure above 10- up to the 16- isomer in Ag128 shows remarkable similarities to seniority structures in the semimagic nuclei Pd128 and Cd130. These spectroscopic features in Ag128 indicate that the N=82 shell closure is still robust in silver isotopes.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Direct Decays from Superdeformed States in 192 Pb Observed Using Time-Correlated 𝛾-Ray Spectroscopy(2003) Wilson, A. N.; Dracoulis, G. D.; Byrne, A. P.; Davidson, P. M.; Lane, G. J.; Clark, R. M.; Fallon, P.; Görgen, A.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Ward, D.Correlations of decays above and below isomeric states in the normally deformed minimum of 192Pb have been used to identify discrete transitions in the decay of the superdeformed (SD) band. The data establish the absolute excitation energy of the lowest observed SD level as 4.425 MeV. Extrapolation to the bandhead indicates that the excitation energy of the superdeformed well in 192Pb is 0.5 MeV lower than in the heavier isotope 194Pb. The results confirm the trend to decreasing excitation energy with decreasing neutron number predicted by both a macroscopic Strutinsky method approach and microscopic mean field calculations.