Wagnew, FasilGray, DarrenTsheten, TshetenKelly, MatthewClements, Archie C.A.Alene, Kefyalew Addis2025-05-302025-05-300029-6643PubMed:37759339ORCID:/0000-0002-8071-5721/work/171153473ORCID:/0000-0001-7963-2139/work/171153765http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201144244&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733755493Context: Nutritional interventions substantially improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and prevent complications. However, there is limited evidence about the connections between having nutritional support and TB treatment adherence. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nutritional support in improving treatment adherence among patients with TB. Data Sources: Databases, including PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, and Scopus, were comprehensively reviewed to identify relevant studies reporting the impacts of nutritional support on TB treatment adherence. Data Extraction: Two authors independently screened the title, abstracts, and full article texts to identify eligible studies and assess the risk of bias. Observational and interventional studies were included. Data Analysis: A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the findings qualitatively. Results: From the search, 3059 publications were identified; of these, 8 studies were included in this systematic review. Three types of nutritional interventions were identified: food baskets (eg, energy, micronutrient- or macronutrient-enriched food support), nutritional advice and guidance, and incentives for buying foods. Although 5 studies reported that nutritional support significantly improved treatment adherence in patients with TB, 3 studies showed that nutritional support had no effect on TB treatment adherence. Conclusions: Providing nutritional support may improve adherence to TB treatment. However, more well-powered, high-quality trials are warranted to demonstrate the effect of nutrition support on cost-effectively improving adherence to TB treatment.10enPublisher Copyright: VC The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.nutritional supportsystematic reviewTBtreatment adherence2024-09-0110.1093/nutrit/nuad12085201144244