Fenderson, Lindsey E.Kovach, Adrienne I.Llamas, Bastien2025-05-242025-05-240962-1083PubMed:31758601ORCID:/0000-0002-5550-9176/work/168312095http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077024425&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733753234Genetic time-series data from historical samples greatly facilitate inference of past population dynamics and species evolution. Yet, although climate and landscape change are often touted as post-hoc explanations of biological change, our understanding of past climate and landscape change influences on evolutionary processes is severely hindered by the limited application of methods that directly relate environmental change to species dynamics through time. Increased integration of spatiotemporal environmental and genetic data will revolutionize the interpretation of environmental influences on past population processes and the quantification of recent anthropogenic impacts on species, and vastly improve prediction of species responses under future climate change scenarios, yielding widespread revelations across evolutionary biology, landscape ecology and conservation genetics. This review encourages greater use of spatiotemporal landscape genetic analyses that explicitly link landscape, climate and genetic data through time by providing an overview of analytical approaches for integrating historical genetic and environmental data in five key research areas: population genetic structure, demography, phylogeography, metapopulation connectivity and adaptation. We also include a tabular summary of key methodological information, suggest approaches for mitigating the particular difficulties in applying these techniques to ancient DNA and palaeoclimate data, and highlight areas for future methodological development.Financial support for L.E.F. during the production of this manuscript was provided by Adelaide Scholarships International. B.L. is supported by a Future Fellowship (FT170100448) of the Australian Research Council. Lauren White, Andrew Farrer, Emily Skelly, Graham Gower, Matilda Handsley‐Davis, Ayla Lore van Loenen, Muslihudeen Abdul‐Aziz, Salvador Herrando‐Perez and Alan Cooper edited and improved earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also thank Gilles Guillot, Chris Funk and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions that further enhanced the quality of this review.29enPublisher Copyright: © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltdancient DNAclimate changeecological geneticsgenome–environment associationgenotype–environment correlationspatiotemporal population dynamics2020-01-0110.1111/mec.1531585077024425