Patil, Divya SussanaBailey, AjayYadav, Uday NarayanGeorge, SobinHelbich, MarcoEttema, DickAshok, Lena2023-11-222023-11-221471-2458http://hdl.handle.net/1885/307349Transportation is among the key aspects that influence active ageing. This realist review intends to understand the mechanisms of urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies in low- and middle-income countries for older adults and to identify factors, which influenced the success or failure of interventions. We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for a realist review. Electronic databases were searched from inception until August 2020. Studies were screened based on titles, abstracts and full text. The quality of included studies was assessed based on rigour and relevance. The evidence was obtained from 36 articles with diverse study designs conducted in 36 low- and middle-income countries. Findings were validated through stakeholder consultations from three low- and middle-income countries. Of the various individual factors identified, behaviour change communication interventions were low-cost, had a long-term impact and were efficient in increasing awareness among users to improve safety, social inclusion and about transport schemes for older adults. Improved transport infrastructure resulted in a shift from private to public transportation. For a sustainable urban transport infrastructure, good governance and involvement of stakeholders for planning and implementing transport interventions were considered necessary. Lack of evaluation, experience of transport planners, and inter-sectoral coordination were key challenges to successful interventions. The review highlighted a lack of older adult-specific transportation policies, and gender-targeted interventions for older women, suggesting a need for interventions and policies based on the contextual factors existing in a region.This research was conducted as a part of the EQUIMOB (Inclusive Cities through Equitable Access to Urban Mobility) project, which is funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO W 07.30318.003) and Utrecht University, the Netherlands. The funds are not directly used in the data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing and publication.application/pdfen-AU© The Author(s) 2022. Open Accesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Age-friendly citiesContextual factorsOlder adultsLow- and middle-income countriesUrban transportationPublic transportNon-motorised transportTransportation policies2022-08-0510.1186/s12889-022-13875-62022-08-07Creative Commons Attribution License