Shad, Tahir IReddish, Jennifer Gray2015-09-042015-09-047315215791037-1036http://hdl.handle.net/1885/15211The traditional concept of the modern political unit is a state that incorporates a single national community. Political development includes the process by which heterogeneous communal elements are gradually integrated and homogenized into a single nation (Hayes 1931; Kohn c1979:36-70). such polities, commonly referred to in the social science literature as 'integrated', rarely exist. As Walker Connor asserted, in 1976, only twelve of a total 155 contemporary states can be described as ethnically homogeneous (Connor 1972:320).48 pagesapplication/pdfen-AU© Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1996Pakistanethnic conflictcommunitypolitical1996