Burns, RichardSargent-Cox, KerryMitchell, PaulAnstey, Kaarin2014-05-282014-05-280933-7954http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11720PURPOSE Self-rated health is frequently used as an indicator of health and quality of life in epidemiological studies. While the association between self-rated health and negative mental health is well established, associations with indictors of positive wellbeing are less clear. Data from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project were used to compare the effects of vitality and mental health on self-rated health. METHODS Participants (n = 40,712) provided information on vitality, mental health and self-rated health, were aged 45–95 years at baseline, and were followed between 1 and 10 years (M = 5.6; SD = 2.9). RESULTS In comparison with mental health, multi-level modelling indicated between- and within-person change in vitality was more strongly associated with self-rated health. Bivariate dual change score modelling of the cross-lagged associations between vitality and self-rated health indicated vitality to be a stronger predictor of change in Self-rated health. Self-rated health was unrelated to change in vitality. CONCLUSION Vitality accounted for most of the mental health effect on self-rated health and was identified as a significant predictor of change in self-rated health over a 10-year period. Promoting wellbeing and psychological functioning may have significant protective effects on negative health outcomes throughout the adult lifespan and into late life.These studies were pooled and harmonized for the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project. DYNOPTA was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC grant # 410215). Burns and Sargent-Cox are supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (project #: CE110001029). Anstey is supported by an NHMRC Research Fellowship (No. 366756).10 pages©Springer-Verlagvitalitymentalhealthselfratedwellbeing2014-03-1510.1007/s00127-014-0864-62015-12-09