Oxenham, MarcTilley, LornaMatsumura, HNguyen, Lan CuongNguyen, Kim ThuyNguyen, Kim DungDomett, Kathryn MHuffer, Damien2015-12-101827-4765http://hdl.handle.net/1885/53253This communication documents one of the earliest verifiable cases of human paralysis associated with severe spinal pathology. A series of skeletal abnormalities is described for a young adult male (M9) from a Southeast Asian Neolithic community. Differential diagnosis suggests that M9 suffered from a severely disabling congenital fusion of the spine (Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Type III), resulting in child-onset lower body paralysis at a minimum (maximally quadriplegia). M9 experienced severe, most probably total, incapacitation for at least a decade prior to death. In the prehistoric context, this individual's condition would have rendered him completely dependent on others for survival.Keywords: Juvenile-onset; Klippel-Feil; Quadriparesis200910.1537/ase.0811142016-02-24