McEvoy, Meaghan2025-12-162025-12-160068-2462ORCID:/0000-0002-0930-8605/work/181566787https://hdl.handle.net/1885/7337953841 I am grateful for the suggestions made by the Papers of the British School at Rome's referees, and especially to Mark Humphries for generously making available to me his two forthcoming articles: 'Emperors and usurpers' and 'The city of Rome and Valentinian III (425—455)', which have been immensely helpful in the final stages of my preparation of this article. I am also much indebted to Claire Sotinel for kindly sending me an unpublished draft of her forthcoming article, 'La Domus Pinciana, residence imperiale de Rome'. I also wish to thank John Haldon, Paul Tuffin and Noel Lenski, all of whom read drafts of this article at various stages in its development, and Peter Heather, for his guidance in forming the original arguments behind this article. This paper was delivered in varying forms at the British School at Rome, the University of Adelaide, and the late Roman seminar in Oxford, and I benefited much from the comments and questions of audiences on each occasion. I am very grateful for funding generously provided by the British School at Rome, which enabled me to undertake the research that led to this article. 2 For example, R. Krautheimer, Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics: Rome, Constantinople, Milan (Berkeley, 1983), 93; also R. Krautheimer, 'The architecture of Sixtus III: a fifth century renascence?', in M. Meiss (ed.), Essays in Honour ofErwin Panofsky (DeArtibus Opuscula XL), 2 vols (New York, 1961), I, 291-301, esp. p. 301; B. Langon, Rome in Late Antiquity: Everyday Life and Urban Change, AD 3 J 2-609 (trans. A. Nevill) (Edinburgh, 2000), 18, 35-6; and, to a lesser extent, J. Curran, Pagan City and Christian Capital (Oxford, 2000), 43-4. ' And, indeed, Maxentius's residence in Rome from 306 to 312 has long been noted as extraordinary, even at this early stage: see Curran, Pagan City (above, n. 2), 68—9. 4 As Fergus Millar stated, the use of provincial capitals was already common in the tetrarchic period: F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (31 BC-AD 337) (London, 1977), 13-57. Although, as Bertrand Langon pointed out, members of the imperial family might still be resident in the city even when the emperor himself was not: Rome in Late Antiquity (above, n. 2), 36.en201010.1017/S006824620000085480052509576