Ninham, BarryBostrom, Mathias Anders2015-12-132015-12-130145-5680http://hdl.handle.net/1885/80593This paper attempts to identify major conceptual issues that have inhibited the application of physical chemistry to problems in the biological sciences. We will trace out where theories went wrong, how to repair the present foundations, and discuss current progress toward building a better dialogue.Keywords: ion; binding affinity; biomedicine; catalysis; climate change; enzyme activity; erythrocyte; gas; ion transport; molecular evolution; molecular mechanics; natural science; physical chemistry; physical phase; review; sun; Biological Sciences; Chemistry, Ph Conceptual locks; Dissolved gases; Hofmeister series; Intermolecular forces; Language of shape200510.1170/T6892015-12-11