Marshall, Heather D.Chandele, AnmolJung, Yong WooMeng, HailongPoholek, Amanda C.Parish, IanRutishauser, RachelCui, WeiguoKleinstein, StevenCraft, JoeKaech, Susan2015-12-101074-7613http://hdl.handle.net/1885/60594CD4+ T cells differentiate into multiple effector types, but it is unclear how they form memory T cells during infection in vivo. Profiling virus-specific CD4+ T cells revealed that effector cells with T helper 1 (Th1) or T follicular helper (Tfh) cell characteristics differentiated into memory cells, although expression of Tfh cell markers declined over time. In contrast to virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells, increased IL-7R expression was not a reliable marker of CD4+ memory precursor cells. However, decreased Ly6C and T-bet (Tbx21) expression distinguished a subset of Th1 cells that displayed greater longevity and proliferative responses to secondary infection. Moreover, the gene expression profile of Ly6CloT-betint Th1 effector cells was virtually identical to mature memory CD4+ T cells, indicating early maturation of memory CD4+ T cell features in this subset during acute viral infection. This study provides a framework for memory CD4+ T cell development after acute viral infection.Keywords: cell antigen; cell marker; interleukin 7 receptor; Ly6C; transcription factor T bet; unclassified drug; adoptive transfer; animal cell; animal cell culture; animal experiment; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell differentiation; cell maturation; cell prolife201110.1016/j.immuni.2011.08.0162016-02-24