Wong, William2020-02-062020-02-061530-6984http://hdl.handle.net/1885/201363Super-hydrophobic, super-oleo(amphi)phobic, and super-omniphobic materials are universally important in the fields of science and engineering. Despite rapid advancements, gaps of understanding still exist between each distinctive wetting state. The transition of super-hydrophobicity to super-(oleo-, amphi-, and omni-)phobicity typically requires the use of re-entrant features. Today, re-entrant geometry induced super-(amphi- and omni-)phobicity is well-supported by both experiments and theory. However, owing to geometrical complexities, the concept of re-entrant geometry forms a dogma that limits the industrial progress of these unique states of wettability. Moreover, a key fundamental question remains unanswered: are extreme surface chemistry enhancements able to influence super-liquid repellency? Here, this was rigorously tested via an alternative pathway that does not require explicit designer re-entrant features. Highly controllable and tunable vertical network polymerization and functionalization were used to achieve fluoroalkyl densification on nanoparticles. For the first time, relative fluoro-functionalization densities are quantitatively tuned and correlated to super-liquid repellency performance. Step-wise tunable super-amphiphobic nanoparticle films with a Cassie–Baxter state (contact angle of >150° and sliding angle of <10°) against various liquids is demonstrated. This was tested down to very low surface tension liquids to a minimum of ca. 23.8 mN/m. Such findings could eventually lead to the future development of super-(amphi)omniphobic materials that transcend the sole use of re-entrant geometry.application/pdfen-AU© 2019 American Chemical Societyhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/201910.1021/acs.nanolett.8b049722019-11-25Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License