MacKenzie, AdrianPidd, MichaelRooksby, JohnSommerville, IanWarren, IanWestcombe, Mark2025-06-302025-06-300377-2217ORCID:/0000-0002-2174-4645/work/163628364http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=25844505006&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733765652Many decision support tools have been developed over the last 20 years and, in general, they support what Simon termed substantive rationality. However, such tools are rarely suited to helping people tackle wicked problems, for which a form of procedural rationality is better suited. Procedurally rational approaches have appeared in both management science and computer science, examples being the soft OR approach of cognitive mapping and the design rationale based on IBIS. These approaches are reviewed and the development of Wisdom, a procedurally rational decision support process and accompanying tool, is discussed and evaluated.This work was supported by EPRSC grant (GR/M60361) as part of the Systems Integration Initiative.16enCognitive mappingDecision supportWicked problems2006-04-0110.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.04125844505006